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Hydrophilic Shell Matrix Proteins of Nautilus pompilius and the Identification of a Core Set of Conchiferan Domains
Despite being a member of the shelled mollusks (Conchiferans), most members of extant cephalopods have lost their external biomineralized shells, except for the basally diverging Nautilids. Here, we report the result of our study to identify major Shell Matrix Proteins and their domains in the Nauti...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8700984/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34946873 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12121925 |
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author | Setiamarga, Davin H. E. Hirota, Kazuki Yoshida, Masa-aki Takeda, Yusuke Kito, Keiji Ishikawa, Makiko Shimizu, Keisuke Isowa, Yukinobu Ikeo, Kazuho Sasaki, Takenori Endo, Kazuyoshi |
author_facet | Setiamarga, Davin H. E. Hirota, Kazuki Yoshida, Masa-aki Takeda, Yusuke Kito, Keiji Ishikawa, Makiko Shimizu, Keisuke Isowa, Yukinobu Ikeo, Kazuho Sasaki, Takenori Endo, Kazuyoshi |
author_sort | Setiamarga, Davin H. E. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Despite being a member of the shelled mollusks (Conchiferans), most members of extant cephalopods have lost their external biomineralized shells, except for the basally diverging Nautilids. Here, we report the result of our study to identify major Shell Matrix Proteins and their domains in the Nautilid Nautilus pompilius, in order to gain a general insight into the evolution of Conchiferan Shell Matrix Proteins. In order to do so, we performed a multiomics study on the shell of N. pompilius, by conducting transcriptomics of its mantle tissue and proteomics of its shell matrix. Analyses of obtained data identified 61 distinct shell-specific sequences. Of the successfully annotated 27 sequences, protein domains were predicted in 19. Comparative analysis of Nautilus sequences with four Conchiferans for which Shell Matrix Protein data were available (the pacific oyster, the pearl oyster, the limpet and the Euhadra snail) revealed that three proteins and six protein domains were conserved in all Conchiferans. Interestingly, when the terrestrial Euhadra snail was excluded, another five proteins and six protein domains were found to be shared among the four marine Conchiferans. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that most of these proteins and domains were probably present in the ancestral Conchiferan, but employed in shell formation later and independently in most clades. Even though further studies utilizing deeper sequencing techniques to obtain genome and full-length sequences, and functional analyses, must be carried out in the future, our results here provide important pieces of information for the elucidation of the evolution of Conchiferan shells at the molecular level. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8700984 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-87009842021-12-24 Hydrophilic Shell Matrix Proteins of Nautilus pompilius and the Identification of a Core Set of Conchiferan Domains Setiamarga, Davin H. E. Hirota, Kazuki Yoshida, Masa-aki Takeda, Yusuke Kito, Keiji Ishikawa, Makiko Shimizu, Keisuke Isowa, Yukinobu Ikeo, Kazuho Sasaki, Takenori Endo, Kazuyoshi Genes (Basel) Article Despite being a member of the shelled mollusks (Conchiferans), most members of extant cephalopods have lost their external biomineralized shells, except for the basally diverging Nautilids. Here, we report the result of our study to identify major Shell Matrix Proteins and their domains in the Nautilid Nautilus pompilius, in order to gain a general insight into the evolution of Conchiferan Shell Matrix Proteins. In order to do so, we performed a multiomics study on the shell of N. pompilius, by conducting transcriptomics of its mantle tissue and proteomics of its shell matrix. Analyses of obtained data identified 61 distinct shell-specific sequences. Of the successfully annotated 27 sequences, protein domains were predicted in 19. Comparative analysis of Nautilus sequences with four Conchiferans for which Shell Matrix Protein data were available (the pacific oyster, the pearl oyster, the limpet and the Euhadra snail) revealed that three proteins and six protein domains were conserved in all Conchiferans. Interestingly, when the terrestrial Euhadra snail was excluded, another five proteins and six protein domains were found to be shared among the four marine Conchiferans. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that most of these proteins and domains were probably present in the ancestral Conchiferan, but employed in shell formation later and independently in most clades. Even though further studies utilizing deeper sequencing techniques to obtain genome and full-length sequences, and functional analyses, must be carried out in the future, our results here provide important pieces of information for the elucidation of the evolution of Conchiferan shells at the molecular level. MDPI 2021-11-29 /pmc/articles/PMC8700984/ /pubmed/34946873 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12121925 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Setiamarga, Davin H. E. Hirota, Kazuki Yoshida, Masa-aki Takeda, Yusuke Kito, Keiji Ishikawa, Makiko Shimizu, Keisuke Isowa, Yukinobu Ikeo, Kazuho Sasaki, Takenori Endo, Kazuyoshi Hydrophilic Shell Matrix Proteins of Nautilus pompilius and the Identification of a Core Set of Conchiferan Domains |
title | Hydrophilic Shell Matrix Proteins of Nautilus pompilius and the Identification of a Core Set of Conchiferan Domains |
title_full | Hydrophilic Shell Matrix Proteins of Nautilus pompilius and the Identification of a Core Set of Conchiferan Domains |
title_fullStr | Hydrophilic Shell Matrix Proteins of Nautilus pompilius and the Identification of a Core Set of Conchiferan Domains |
title_full_unstemmed | Hydrophilic Shell Matrix Proteins of Nautilus pompilius and the Identification of a Core Set of Conchiferan Domains |
title_short | Hydrophilic Shell Matrix Proteins of Nautilus pompilius and the Identification of a Core Set of Conchiferan Domains |
title_sort | hydrophilic shell matrix proteins of nautilus pompilius and the identification of a core set of conchiferan domains |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8700984/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34946873 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12121925 |
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