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Compression Wrapping for Calcaneal Fractures after Extensile Lateral Approach: Results of a Retrospective Study

CATEGORY: Trauma INTRODUCTION/PURPOSE: Displaced intraarticular calcaneus fractures comprise the majority of all calcaneus fractures. Many are indicated for open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) through an extensile lateral approach (ELA). Unfortunately, this approach has reported complication...

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Autores principales: Kulwin, Robert, Shah, Sapan, Haddad, Steven L., Weatherford, Brian M.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: SAGE Publications 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8702682/
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2473011420S00308
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author Kulwin, Robert
Shah, Sapan
Haddad, Steven L.
Weatherford, Brian M.
author_facet Kulwin, Robert
Shah, Sapan
Haddad, Steven L.
Weatherford, Brian M.
author_sort Kulwin, Robert
collection PubMed
description CATEGORY: Trauma INTRODUCTION/PURPOSE: Displaced intraarticular calcaneus fractures comprise the majority of all calcaneus fractures. Many are indicated for open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) through an extensile lateral approach (ELA). Unfortunately, this approach has reported complication rates of up to 32%. Improved edema management may reduce the incidence of complications. While compression wrapping has been shown to reduce wound complications in ankle arthroplasty, it has not been well studied in lower extremity trauma. This study aimed to evaluate the benefit of compression wrapping in calcaneus fractures treated surgically with an ELA. METHODS: This study included 19 patients from 2015-2018 who underwent ORIF of closed intra-articular calcaneal fractures via an ELA by two surgeons. Demographics, comorbidities, fracture characteristics, and time to surgery were recorded. Following surgery, the extremity was initially immobilized in a short leg splint with transition to serial compression wrappings on postoperative day two. Wrappings involved application of multi-layered cotton cast padding and short stretch elastic bandages to the extremity in a distal to proximal fashion. Wraps were replaced every three days by trained physiotherapists until the two- week postoperative visit. The primary outcome was development of a wound complication. A minor complication was defined as wound appearance prompting initiation of oral or IV antibiotics or local wound care. A major complication was defined as development of flap necrosis or return to the OR for debridement. RESULTS: Mean age was 47.7 years. 3 patients (15.7%) were diabetic, and 7 patients (36.8%) were smokers. Mean BMI was 26.9 kg/m2 (SD 4.4). Mean time to surgery was 11.4 days from injury (SD 6.93). The rate of minor soft tissue complication was 4/19 (26.3%); 2 patients required oral antibiotics only, 1 local wound care only, and 1 both antibiotics and local wound care. The rate of major complication was 2/19 (10.5%), with 1 patient requiring a return to OR and another requiring both a return to the OR and IV antibiotics. Of those patients, 1 was noncompliant with the protocol. All patients progressed to eventual soft tissue healing. Statistical analysis identified diabetes as a risk factor for any complication (p=0.02, relative risk 5.3). CONCLUSION: Compression wrapping resulted in a low incidence of major soft tissue complications in calcaneus fractures treated with an extensile lateral approach. Compression wrapping is an effective method of post-operative soft tissue management for calcaneal fractures, and may have further applications for similar high energy foot and ankle fractures. Further studies are warranted to determine whether this novel wound care technique is superior to standard post-operative wound care.
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spelling pubmed-87026822022-01-28 Compression Wrapping for Calcaneal Fractures after Extensile Lateral Approach: Results of a Retrospective Study Kulwin, Robert Shah, Sapan Haddad, Steven L. Weatherford, Brian M. Foot Ankle Orthop Article CATEGORY: Trauma INTRODUCTION/PURPOSE: Displaced intraarticular calcaneus fractures comprise the majority of all calcaneus fractures. Many are indicated for open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) through an extensile lateral approach (ELA). Unfortunately, this approach has reported complication rates of up to 32%. Improved edema management may reduce the incidence of complications. While compression wrapping has been shown to reduce wound complications in ankle arthroplasty, it has not been well studied in lower extremity trauma. This study aimed to evaluate the benefit of compression wrapping in calcaneus fractures treated surgically with an ELA. METHODS: This study included 19 patients from 2015-2018 who underwent ORIF of closed intra-articular calcaneal fractures via an ELA by two surgeons. Demographics, comorbidities, fracture characteristics, and time to surgery were recorded. Following surgery, the extremity was initially immobilized in a short leg splint with transition to serial compression wrappings on postoperative day two. Wrappings involved application of multi-layered cotton cast padding and short stretch elastic bandages to the extremity in a distal to proximal fashion. Wraps were replaced every three days by trained physiotherapists until the two- week postoperative visit. The primary outcome was development of a wound complication. A minor complication was defined as wound appearance prompting initiation of oral or IV antibiotics or local wound care. A major complication was defined as development of flap necrosis or return to the OR for debridement. RESULTS: Mean age was 47.7 years. 3 patients (15.7%) were diabetic, and 7 patients (36.8%) were smokers. Mean BMI was 26.9 kg/m2 (SD 4.4). Mean time to surgery was 11.4 days from injury (SD 6.93). The rate of minor soft tissue complication was 4/19 (26.3%); 2 patients required oral antibiotics only, 1 local wound care only, and 1 both antibiotics and local wound care. The rate of major complication was 2/19 (10.5%), with 1 patient requiring a return to OR and another requiring both a return to the OR and IV antibiotics. Of those patients, 1 was noncompliant with the protocol. All patients progressed to eventual soft tissue healing. Statistical analysis identified diabetes as a risk factor for any complication (p=0.02, relative risk 5.3). CONCLUSION: Compression wrapping resulted in a low incidence of major soft tissue complications in calcaneus fractures treated with an extensile lateral approach. Compression wrapping is an effective method of post-operative soft tissue management for calcaneal fractures, and may have further applications for similar high energy foot and ankle fractures. Further studies are warranted to determine whether this novel wound care technique is superior to standard post-operative wound care. SAGE Publications 2020-11-06 /pmc/articles/PMC8702682/ http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2473011420S00308 Text en © The Author(s) 2020 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).
spellingShingle Article
Kulwin, Robert
Shah, Sapan
Haddad, Steven L.
Weatherford, Brian M.
Compression Wrapping for Calcaneal Fractures after Extensile Lateral Approach: Results of a Retrospective Study
title Compression Wrapping for Calcaneal Fractures after Extensile Lateral Approach: Results of a Retrospective Study
title_full Compression Wrapping for Calcaneal Fractures after Extensile Lateral Approach: Results of a Retrospective Study
title_fullStr Compression Wrapping for Calcaneal Fractures after Extensile Lateral Approach: Results of a Retrospective Study
title_full_unstemmed Compression Wrapping for Calcaneal Fractures after Extensile Lateral Approach: Results of a Retrospective Study
title_short Compression Wrapping for Calcaneal Fractures after Extensile Lateral Approach: Results of a Retrospective Study
title_sort compression wrapping for calcaneal fractures after extensile lateral approach: results of a retrospective study
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8702682/
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2473011420S00308
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