Refractory Ventricular Fibrillation in Traumatic Cardiac Arrest: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Ventricular fibrillation (VF) is a lethal cardiac arrhythmia that leads to cardiac arrest and death. It is especially deadly when it fails to respond to conventional treatment with electrical defibrillation. This arrhythmia is often triggered by acute myocardial ischemia, but in rare cases, it can be precipitated by direct myocardial trauma. Most patients with traumatic cardiac arrest do not survive, but in a minority of patients, an emergency thoracotomy may improve survival by addressing reversible causes such as haemorrhage control, relief of cardiac tamponade, and direct wound closure. We present an unusual case of a traumatic cardiac arrest, presenting with refractory ventricular fibrillation due to a cardiac laceration in a young trauma patient with an isolated chest injury.