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Thermodynamic Studies and Optimization of the Method for Obtaining Neodymium Fluoride for the Production of Magnetic Sensors’ Sensitive Elements

Rare earth metals (REM) with magnetic properties find application in the recently developed high-tech industries. Sensor magnetic systems based on neodymium are increasingly in demand in modern engineering and geological surveys due to their favorable combination of properties of magnetic materials...

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Autores principales: Kropachev, Andrei N., Podrezov, Sergey V., Aleksakhin, Alexander V., Gudilin, Andrey A., Kondratyeva, Olga A., Korshunova, Lyudmila N.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8703594/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34960459
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21248361
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author Kropachev, Andrei N.
Podrezov, Sergey V.
Aleksakhin, Alexander V.
Gudilin, Andrey A.
Kondratyeva, Olga A.
Korshunova, Lyudmila N.
author_facet Kropachev, Andrei N.
Podrezov, Sergey V.
Aleksakhin, Alexander V.
Gudilin, Andrey A.
Kondratyeva, Olga A.
Korshunova, Lyudmila N.
author_sort Kropachev, Andrei N.
collection PubMed
description Rare earth metals (REM) with magnetic properties find application in the recently developed high-tech industries. Sensor magnetic systems based on neodymium are increasingly in demand in modern engineering and geological surveys due to their favorable combination of properties of magnetic materials based on rare earth metals. One of the problems is to obtain high-quality materials for the production of such magnetic sensors. It should be noted that the high activity of REM does not allow obtaining master alloys and REM-based alloys from metallic materials; it is advisable to use halide compounds. This work discusses a method for producing neodymium fluoride from its oxide. REM fluorides can be obtained by fluorinating the oxides of these metals. Various fluorine-containing compounds or elemental fluorine are usually used as fluorinating reagents, which have their own advantages and disadvantages. The thermodynamic and technological analysis of neodymium fluoride production processes has shown the most acceptable fluorinating agent is ammonium hydrofluoride, which was used in this work. In order to increase the productivity and degree of chemical transformation, it was proposed to perform heating stepwise; i.e., at the initial stage, heat at a speed of 3 degrees per minute, after which the heating speed was reduced to 2 degrees per minute, and finally the speed was reduced to 1 degree per minute. Due to proposed heating mode, the same productivity and yield of chemical transformation were achieved, with an increased efficiency up to 30%, which can significantly reduce the cost of production. The obtained product is used in the production of neodymium-based alloys by metallothermic reduction of a mixture of fluorides. The sensor material obtained in this way is characterized by a low (less than 0.05%) oxygen content.
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spelling pubmed-87035942021-12-25 Thermodynamic Studies and Optimization of the Method for Obtaining Neodymium Fluoride for the Production of Magnetic Sensors’ Sensitive Elements Kropachev, Andrei N. Podrezov, Sergey V. Aleksakhin, Alexander V. Gudilin, Andrey A. Kondratyeva, Olga A. Korshunova, Lyudmila N. Sensors (Basel) Article Rare earth metals (REM) with magnetic properties find application in the recently developed high-tech industries. Sensor magnetic systems based on neodymium are increasingly in demand in modern engineering and geological surveys due to their favorable combination of properties of magnetic materials based on rare earth metals. One of the problems is to obtain high-quality materials for the production of such magnetic sensors. It should be noted that the high activity of REM does not allow obtaining master alloys and REM-based alloys from metallic materials; it is advisable to use halide compounds. This work discusses a method for producing neodymium fluoride from its oxide. REM fluorides can be obtained by fluorinating the oxides of these metals. Various fluorine-containing compounds or elemental fluorine are usually used as fluorinating reagents, which have their own advantages and disadvantages. The thermodynamic and technological analysis of neodymium fluoride production processes has shown the most acceptable fluorinating agent is ammonium hydrofluoride, which was used in this work. In order to increase the productivity and degree of chemical transformation, it was proposed to perform heating stepwise; i.e., at the initial stage, heat at a speed of 3 degrees per minute, after which the heating speed was reduced to 2 degrees per minute, and finally the speed was reduced to 1 degree per minute. Due to proposed heating mode, the same productivity and yield of chemical transformation were achieved, with an increased efficiency up to 30%, which can significantly reduce the cost of production. The obtained product is used in the production of neodymium-based alloys by metallothermic reduction of a mixture of fluorides. The sensor material obtained in this way is characterized by a low (less than 0.05%) oxygen content. MDPI 2021-12-15 /pmc/articles/PMC8703594/ /pubmed/34960459 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21248361 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Kropachev, Andrei N.
Podrezov, Sergey V.
Aleksakhin, Alexander V.
Gudilin, Andrey A.
Kondratyeva, Olga A.
Korshunova, Lyudmila N.
Thermodynamic Studies and Optimization of the Method for Obtaining Neodymium Fluoride for the Production of Magnetic Sensors’ Sensitive Elements
title Thermodynamic Studies and Optimization of the Method for Obtaining Neodymium Fluoride for the Production of Magnetic Sensors’ Sensitive Elements
title_full Thermodynamic Studies and Optimization of the Method for Obtaining Neodymium Fluoride for the Production of Magnetic Sensors’ Sensitive Elements
title_fullStr Thermodynamic Studies and Optimization of the Method for Obtaining Neodymium Fluoride for the Production of Magnetic Sensors’ Sensitive Elements
title_full_unstemmed Thermodynamic Studies and Optimization of the Method for Obtaining Neodymium Fluoride for the Production of Magnetic Sensors’ Sensitive Elements
title_short Thermodynamic Studies and Optimization of the Method for Obtaining Neodymium Fluoride for the Production of Magnetic Sensors’ Sensitive Elements
title_sort thermodynamic studies and optimization of the method for obtaining neodymium fluoride for the production of magnetic sensors’ sensitive elements
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8703594/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34960459
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21248361
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