Neutrophile-to-Lymphocyte Ratio as a Predictor of Mortality and Response to Treatment in Invasive Aspergillosis among Heart Transplant Recipients—Exploratory Study

Background and objective: Aspergillus pulmonary infections are potentially life-threatening complications that can occur after heart transplantation. The aim of the study was to find an easily available mortality predictor during Aspergillosis infection therapy following heart transplantation. Materials and methods: This study involved 15 heart recipients with the mean age of 55 ± 6 years who were diagnosed with invasive aspergillosis (IA) in a mean time of 80 ± 53 (19–209) days after orthotropic heart transplantation. Results: Out of fifteen patients diagnosed with IA, five died. The mean time from diagnosis to death in the deceased group was 28 ± 18 days. They were diagnosed with IA in a mean time of 80 ± 53 (19–209) days after orthotropic heart transplantation. During the initial seven days of therapy, the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) significantly differed between the two groups on day three and day seven, with median values of 10.8 [4.3–17.0] vs. 20.2 [17.4–116.8] (p = 0.0373) and 5.2 [3.2–8.1] vs. 32.2 [13.5–49.9] (p = 0.0101) in the survivor and the deceased group, respectively. The NLR was a significant predictor of death both on day three (cut-off point 17.2) and day seven (cut-off point 12.08) of therapy. Conclusions: Findings in our study indicate that NLR may be of predictive value in the estimation of mortality risk or response to treatment among patients with invasive aspergillosis following heart transplantation.