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In Vitro Toxicity of Industrially Relevant Engineered Nanoparticles in Human Alveolar Epithelial Cells: Air–Liquid Interface versus Submerged Cultures
Diverse industries have already incorporated within their production processes engineered nanoparticles (ENP), increasing the potential risk of worker inhalation exposure. In vitro models have been widely used to investigate ENP toxicity. Air–liquid interface (ALI) cell cultures have been emerging a...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8703991/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34947574 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11123225 |
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author | Bessa, Maria João Brandão, Fátima Fokkens, Paul H. B. Leseman, Daan L. A. C. Boere, A. John F. Cassee, Flemming R. Salmatonidis, Apostolos Viana, Mar Vulpoi, Adriana Simon, Simion Monfort, Eliseo Teixeira, João Paulo Fraga, Sónia |
author_facet | Bessa, Maria João Brandão, Fátima Fokkens, Paul H. B. Leseman, Daan L. A. C. Boere, A. John F. Cassee, Flemming R. Salmatonidis, Apostolos Viana, Mar Vulpoi, Adriana Simon, Simion Monfort, Eliseo Teixeira, João Paulo Fraga, Sónia |
author_sort | Bessa, Maria João |
collection | PubMed |
description | Diverse industries have already incorporated within their production processes engineered nanoparticles (ENP), increasing the potential risk of worker inhalation exposure. In vitro models have been widely used to investigate ENP toxicity. Air–liquid interface (ALI) cell cultures have been emerging as a valuable alternative to submerged cultures as they are more representative of the inhalation exposure to airborne nano-sized particles. We compared the in vitro toxicity of four ENP used as raw materials in the advanced ceramics sector in human alveolar epithelial-like cells cultured under submerged or ALI conditions. Submerged cultures were exposed to ENP liquid suspensions or to aerosolised ENP at ALI. Toxicity was assessed by determining LDH release, WST-1 metabolisation and DNA damage. Overall, cells were more sensitive to ENP cytotoxic effects when cultured and exposed under ALI. No significant cytotoxicity was observed after 24 h exposure to ENP liquid suspensions, although aerosolised ENP clearly affected cell viability and LDH release. In general, all ENP increased primary DNA damage regardless of the exposure mode, where an increase in DNA strand-breaks was only detected under submerged conditions. Our data show that at relevant occupational concentrations, the selected ENP exert mild toxicity to alveolar epithelial cells and exposure at ALI might be the most suitable choice when assessing ENP toxicity in respiratory models under realistic exposure conditions. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8703991 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-87039912021-12-25 In Vitro Toxicity of Industrially Relevant Engineered Nanoparticles in Human Alveolar Epithelial Cells: Air–Liquid Interface versus Submerged Cultures Bessa, Maria João Brandão, Fátima Fokkens, Paul H. B. Leseman, Daan L. A. C. Boere, A. John F. Cassee, Flemming R. Salmatonidis, Apostolos Viana, Mar Vulpoi, Adriana Simon, Simion Monfort, Eliseo Teixeira, João Paulo Fraga, Sónia Nanomaterials (Basel) Article Diverse industries have already incorporated within their production processes engineered nanoparticles (ENP), increasing the potential risk of worker inhalation exposure. In vitro models have been widely used to investigate ENP toxicity. Air–liquid interface (ALI) cell cultures have been emerging as a valuable alternative to submerged cultures as they are more representative of the inhalation exposure to airborne nano-sized particles. We compared the in vitro toxicity of four ENP used as raw materials in the advanced ceramics sector in human alveolar epithelial-like cells cultured under submerged or ALI conditions. Submerged cultures were exposed to ENP liquid suspensions or to aerosolised ENP at ALI. Toxicity was assessed by determining LDH release, WST-1 metabolisation and DNA damage. Overall, cells were more sensitive to ENP cytotoxic effects when cultured and exposed under ALI. No significant cytotoxicity was observed after 24 h exposure to ENP liquid suspensions, although aerosolised ENP clearly affected cell viability and LDH release. In general, all ENP increased primary DNA damage regardless of the exposure mode, where an increase in DNA strand-breaks was only detected under submerged conditions. Our data show that at relevant occupational concentrations, the selected ENP exert mild toxicity to alveolar epithelial cells and exposure at ALI might be the most suitable choice when assessing ENP toxicity in respiratory models under realistic exposure conditions. MDPI 2021-11-27 /pmc/articles/PMC8703991/ /pubmed/34947574 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11123225 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Bessa, Maria João Brandão, Fátima Fokkens, Paul H. B. Leseman, Daan L. A. C. Boere, A. John F. Cassee, Flemming R. Salmatonidis, Apostolos Viana, Mar Vulpoi, Adriana Simon, Simion Monfort, Eliseo Teixeira, João Paulo Fraga, Sónia In Vitro Toxicity of Industrially Relevant Engineered Nanoparticles in Human Alveolar Epithelial Cells: Air–Liquid Interface versus Submerged Cultures |
title | In Vitro Toxicity of Industrially Relevant Engineered Nanoparticles in Human Alveolar Epithelial Cells: Air–Liquid Interface versus Submerged Cultures |
title_full | In Vitro Toxicity of Industrially Relevant Engineered Nanoparticles in Human Alveolar Epithelial Cells: Air–Liquid Interface versus Submerged Cultures |
title_fullStr | In Vitro Toxicity of Industrially Relevant Engineered Nanoparticles in Human Alveolar Epithelial Cells: Air–Liquid Interface versus Submerged Cultures |
title_full_unstemmed | In Vitro Toxicity of Industrially Relevant Engineered Nanoparticles in Human Alveolar Epithelial Cells: Air–Liquid Interface versus Submerged Cultures |
title_short | In Vitro Toxicity of Industrially Relevant Engineered Nanoparticles in Human Alveolar Epithelial Cells: Air–Liquid Interface versus Submerged Cultures |
title_sort | in vitro toxicity of industrially relevant engineered nanoparticles in human alveolar epithelial cells: air–liquid interface versus submerged cultures |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8703991/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34947574 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11123225 |
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