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Multispectral Mid-Infrared Camera System for Accurate Stand-Off Temperature and Column Density Measurements on Flames
Accurate measurement of temperature in flames is a challenging problem that has been successfully addressed by hyperspectral imaging. This technique is able to provide maps of not only temperature T (K) but also of column density Q (ppm [Formula: see text] m) of the main chemical species. Industrial...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8703999/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34960488 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21248395 |
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author | Meléndez, Juan Guarnizo, Guillermo |
author_facet | Meléndez, Juan Guarnizo, Guillermo |
author_sort | Meléndez, Juan |
collection | PubMed |
description | Accurate measurement of temperature in flames is a challenging problem that has been successfully addressed by hyperspectral imaging. This technique is able to provide maps of not only temperature T (K) but also of column density Q (ppm [Formula: see text] m) of the main chemical species. Industrial applications, however, require cheaper instrumentation and faster and simpler data analysis. In this work, the feasibility and performance of multispectral imaging for the retrieval of T and Q [Formula: see text] in flames are studied. Both the hyperspectral and multispectral measurement methods are described and applied to a standard flame, with known T and Q [Formula: see text] , and to an ordinary Bunsen flame. Hyperspectral results, based on emission spectra with [Formula: see text] cm [Formula: see text] resolution, were found in previous works to be highly accurate, and are thus considered as the ground truth to compare with multispectral measurements of a mid-IR camera (3 to 5 [Formula: see text] m) with a six interference filter wheel. Maps of T and Q obtained by both methods show that, for regions with T [Formula: see text] K, the average of relative errors in multispectral measurements is ∼5% for T (and can be reduced to ∼2.5% with a correction based on a linear regression) and ∼20% for Q. Results obtained with four filters are very similar; results with two filters are also similar for T but worse for Q. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8703999 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-87039992021-12-25 Multispectral Mid-Infrared Camera System for Accurate Stand-Off Temperature and Column Density Measurements on Flames Meléndez, Juan Guarnizo, Guillermo Sensors (Basel) Article Accurate measurement of temperature in flames is a challenging problem that has been successfully addressed by hyperspectral imaging. This technique is able to provide maps of not only temperature T (K) but also of column density Q (ppm [Formula: see text] m) of the main chemical species. Industrial applications, however, require cheaper instrumentation and faster and simpler data analysis. In this work, the feasibility and performance of multispectral imaging for the retrieval of T and Q [Formula: see text] in flames are studied. Both the hyperspectral and multispectral measurement methods are described and applied to a standard flame, with known T and Q [Formula: see text] , and to an ordinary Bunsen flame. Hyperspectral results, based on emission spectra with [Formula: see text] cm [Formula: see text] resolution, were found in previous works to be highly accurate, and are thus considered as the ground truth to compare with multispectral measurements of a mid-IR camera (3 to 5 [Formula: see text] m) with a six interference filter wheel. Maps of T and Q obtained by both methods show that, for regions with T [Formula: see text] K, the average of relative errors in multispectral measurements is ∼5% for T (and can be reduced to ∼2.5% with a correction based on a linear regression) and ∼20% for Q. Results obtained with four filters are very similar; results with two filters are also similar for T but worse for Q. MDPI 2021-12-16 /pmc/articles/PMC8703999/ /pubmed/34960488 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21248395 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Meléndez, Juan Guarnizo, Guillermo Multispectral Mid-Infrared Camera System for Accurate Stand-Off Temperature and Column Density Measurements on Flames |
title | Multispectral Mid-Infrared Camera System for Accurate Stand-Off Temperature and Column Density Measurements on Flames |
title_full | Multispectral Mid-Infrared Camera System for Accurate Stand-Off Temperature and Column Density Measurements on Flames |
title_fullStr | Multispectral Mid-Infrared Camera System for Accurate Stand-Off Temperature and Column Density Measurements on Flames |
title_full_unstemmed | Multispectral Mid-Infrared Camera System for Accurate Stand-Off Temperature and Column Density Measurements on Flames |
title_short | Multispectral Mid-Infrared Camera System for Accurate Stand-Off Temperature and Column Density Measurements on Flames |
title_sort | multispectral mid-infrared camera system for accurate stand-off temperature and column density measurements on flames |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8703999/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34960488 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21248395 |
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