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The Brain-Gut-Microbiome System: Pathways and Implications for Autism Spectrum Disorder
Gastrointestinal dysfunction is one of the most prevalent physiological symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). A growing body of largely preclinical research suggests that dysbiotic gut microbiota may modulate brain function and social behavior, yet little is known about the mechanisms that und...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8704412/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34960049 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13124497 |
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author | Chernikova, Michelle A. Flores, Genesis D. Kilroy, Emily Labus, Jennifer S. Mayer, Emeran A. Aziz-Zadeh, Lisa |
author_facet | Chernikova, Michelle A. Flores, Genesis D. Kilroy, Emily Labus, Jennifer S. Mayer, Emeran A. Aziz-Zadeh, Lisa |
author_sort | Chernikova, Michelle A. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Gastrointestinal dysfunction is one of the most prevalent physiological symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). A growing body of largely preclinical research suggests that dysbiotic gut microbiota may modulate brain function and social behavior, yet little is known about the mechanisms that underlie these relationships and how they may influence the pathogenesis or severity of ASD. While various genetic and environmental risk factors have been implicated in ASD, this review aims to provide an overview of studies elucidating the mechanisms by which gut microbiota, associated metabolites, and the brain interact to influence behavior and ASD development, in at least a subgroup of individuals with gastrointestinal problems. Specifically, we review the brain-gut-microbiome system and discuss findings from current animal and human studies as they relate to social-behavioral and neurological impairments in ASD, microbiota-targeted therapies (i.e., probiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation) in ASD, and how microbiota may influence the brain at molecular, structural, and functional levels, with a particular interest in social and emotion-related brain networks. A deeper understanding of microbiome-brain-behavior interactions has the potential to inform new therapies aimed at modulating this system and alleviating both behavioral and physiological symptomatology in individuals with ASD. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8704412 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-87044122021-12-25 The Brain-Gut-Microbiome System: Pathways and Implications for Autism Spectrum Disorder Chernikova, Michelle A. Flores, Genesis D. Kilroy, Emily Labus, Jennifer S. Mayer, Emeran A. Aziz-Zadeh, Lisa Nutrients Review Gastrointestinal dysfunction is one of the most prevalent physiological symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). A growing body of largely preclinical research suggests that dysbiotic gut microbiota may modulate brain function and social behavior, yet little is known about the mechanisms that underlie these relationships and how they may influence the pathogenesis or severity of ASD. While various genetic and environmental risk factors have been implicated in ASD, this review aims to provide an overview of studies elucidating the mechanisms by which gut microbiota, associated metabolites, and the brain interact to influence behavior and ASD development, in at least a subgroup of individuals with gastrointestinal problems. Specifically, we review the brain-gut-microbiome system and discuss findings from current animal and human studies as they relate to social-behavioral and neurological impairments in ASD, microbiota-targeted therapies (i.e., probiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation) in ASD, and how microbiota may influence the brain at molecular, structural, and functional levels, with a particular interest in social and emotion-related brain networks. A deeper understanding of microbiome-brain-behavior interactions has the potential to inform new therapies aimed at modulating this system and alleviating both behavioral and physiological symptomatology in individuals with ASD. MDPI 2021-12-16 /pmc/articles/PMC8704412/ /pubmed/34960049 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13124497 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Chernikova, Michelle A. Flores, Genesis D. Kilroy, Emily Labus, Jennifer S. Mayer, Emeran A. Aziz-Zadeh, Lisa The Brain-Gut-Microbiome System: Pathways and Implications for Autism Spectrum Disorder |
title | The Brain-Gut-Microbiome System: Pathways and Implications for Autism Spectrum Disorder |
title_full | The Brain-Gut-Microbiome System: Pathways and Implications for Autism Spectrum Disorder |
title_fullStr | The Brain-Gut-Microbiome System: Pathways and Implications for Autism Spectrum Disorder |
title_full_unstemmed | The Brain-Gut-Microbiome System: Pathways and Implications for Autism Spectrum Disorder |
title_short | The Brain-Gut-Microbiome System: Pathways and Implications for Autism Spectrum Disorder |
title_sort | brain-gut-microbiome system: pathways and implications for autism spectrum disorder |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8704412/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34960049 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13124497 |
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