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Antibody-Dependent Enhancement of SARS-CoV-2 Infection of Human Immune Cells: In Vitro Assessment Provides Insight in COVID-19 Pathogenesis
Patients with COVID-19 generally raise antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 following infection, and the antibody level is positively correlated to the severity of disease. Whether the viral antibodies exacerbate COVID-19 through antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) is still not fully understood. Here, we...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8704563/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34960752 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13122483 |
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author | Shen, Xu-Rui Li, Qian Li, Hui-Ling Wang, Xi Wang, Qi Zheng, Xiao-Shuang Geng, Rong Zhang, Yu-Lan Li, Bei Jiang, Ren-Di Liu, Mei-Qin Zhu, Yan Zhang, Wei Yang, Xing-Lou Peng, Ke Zhou, Peng |
author_facet | Shen, Xu-Rui Li, Qian Li, Hui-Ling Wang, Xi Wang, Qi Zheng, Xiao-Shuang Geng, Rong Zhang, Yu-Lan Li, Bei Jiang, Ren-Di Liu, Mei-Qin Zhu, Yan Zhang, Wei Yang, Xing-Lou Peng, Ke Zhou, Peng |
author_sort | Shen, Xu-Rui |
collection | PubMed |
description | Patients with COVID-19 generally raise antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 following infection, and the antibody level is positively correlated to the severity of disease. Whether the viral antibodies exacerbate COVID-19 through antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) is still not fully understood. Here, we conducted in vitro assessment of whether convalescent serum enhanced SARS-CoV-2 infection or induced excessive immune responses in immune cells. Our data revealed that SARS-CoV-2 infection of primary B cells, macrophages and monocytes, which express variable levels of FcγR, could be enhanced by convalescent serum from COVID-19 patients. We also determined the factors associated with ADE, and found which showed a time-dependent but not viral-dose dependent manner. Furthermore, the ADE effect is not associated with the neutralizing titer or RBD antibody level when testing serum samples collected from different patients. However, it is higher in a medium level than low or high dilutions in a given sample that showed ADE effect, which is similar to dengue. Finally, we demonstrated more viral genes or dysregulated host immune gene expression under ADE conditions compared to the no-serum infection group. Collectively, our study provides insight into the understanding of an association of high viral antibody titer and severe lung pathology in severe patients with COVID-19. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8704563 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-87045632021-12-25 Antibody-Dependent Enhancement of SARS-CoV-2 Infection of Human Immune Cells: In Vitro Assessment Provides Insight in COVID-19 Pathogenesis Shen, Xu-Rui Li, Qian Li, Hui-Ling Wang, Xi Wang, Qi Zheng, Xiao-Shuang Geng, Rong Zhang, Yu-Lan Li, Bei Jiang, Ren-Di Liu, Mei-Qin Zhu, Yan Zhang, Wei Yang, Xing-Lou Peng, Ke Zhou, Peng Viruses Article Patients with COVID-19 generally raise antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 following infection, and the antibody level is positively correlated to the severity of disease. Whether the viral antibodies exacerbate COVID-19 through antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) is still not fully understood. Here, we conducted in vitro assessment of whether convalescent serum enhanced SARS-CoV-2 infection or induced excessive immune responses in immune cells. Our data revealed that SARS-CoV-2 infection of primary B cells, macrophages and monocytes, which express variable levels of FcγR, could be enhanced by convalescent serum from COVID-19 patients. We also determined the factors associated with ADE, and found which showed a time-dependent but not viral-dose dependent manner. Furthermore, the ADE effect is not associated with the neutralizing titer or RBD antibody level when testing serum samples collected from different patients. However, it is higher in a medium level than low or high dilutions in a given sample that showed ADE effect, which is similar to dengue. Finally, we demonstrated more viral genes or dysregulated host immune gene expression under ADE conditions compared to the no-serum infection group. Collectively, our study provides insight into the understanding of an association of high viral antibody titer and severe lung pathology in severe patients with COVID-19. MDPI 2021-12-11 /pmc/articles/PMC8704563/ /pubmed/34960752 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13122483 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Shen, Xu-Rui Li, Qian Li, Hui-Ling Wang, Xi Wang, Qi Zheng, Xiao-Shuang Geng, Rong Zhang, Yu-Lan Li, Bei Jiang, Ren-Di Liu, Mei-Qin Zhu, Yan Zhang, Wei Yang, Xing-Lou Peng, Ke Zhou, Peng Antibody-Dependent Enhancement of SARS-CoV-2 Infection of Human Immune Cells: In Vitro Assessment Provides Insight in COVID-19 Pathogenesis |
title | Antibody-Dependent Enhancement of SARS-CoV-2 Infection of Human Immune Cells: In Vitro Assessment Provides Insight in COVID-19 Pathogenesis |
title_full | Antibody-Dependent Enhancement of SARS-CoV-2 Infection of Human Immune Cells: In Vitro Assessment Provides Insight in COVID-19 Pathogenesis |
title_fullStr | Antibody-Dependent Enhancement of SARS-CoV-2 Infection of Human Immune Cells: In Vitro Assessment Provides Insight in COVID-19 Pathogenesis |
title_full_unstemmed | Antibody-Dependent Enhancement of SARS-CoV-2 Infection of Human Immune Cells: In Vitro Assessment Provides Insight in COVID-19 Pathogenesis |
title_short | Antibody-Dependent Enhancement of SARS-CoV-2 Infection of Human Immune Cells: In Vitro Assessment Provides Insight in COVID-19 Pathogenesis |
title_sort | antibody-dependent enhancement of sars-cov-2 infection of human immune cells: in vitro assessment provides insight in covid-19 pathogenesis |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8704563/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34960752 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13122483 |
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