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Why Is the Correct Selection of Trichoderma Strains Important? The Case of Wheat Endophytic Strains of T. harzianum and T. simmonsii

The search for endophytic fungi in the roots of healthy wheat plants from a non-irrigation field trial allowed us to select 4 out of a total of 54 cultivable isolates belonging to the genus Trichoderma, identified as T. harzianum T136 and T139, T. simmonsii T137, and T. afroharzianum T138. In vitro...

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Autores principales: Pedrero-Méndez, Alberto, Insuasti, H. Camilo, Neagu, Theodora, Illescas, María, Rubio, M. Belén, Monte, Enrique, Hermosa, Rosa
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8704890/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34947069
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof7121087
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author Pedrero-Méndez, Alberto
Insuasti, H. Camilo
Neagu, Theodora
Illescas, María
Rubio, M. Belén
Monte, Enrique
Hermosa, Rosa
author_facet Pedrero-Méndez, Alberto
Insuasti, H. Camilo
Neagu, Theodora
Illescas, María
Rubio, M. Belén
Monte, Enrique
Hermosa, Rosa
author_sort Pedrero-Méndez, Alberto
collection PubMed
description The search for endophytic fungi in the roots of healthy wheat plants from a non-irrigation field trial allowed us to select 4 out of a total of 54 cultivable isolates belonging to the genus Trichoderma, identified as T. harzianum T136 and T139, T. simmonsii T137, and T. afroharzianum T138. In vitro assays against the phytopathogenic fungus Fusarium graminearum showed that the T. harzianum strains had the highest biocontrol potential and that T136 exhibited the highest cellulase and chitinase activities. Production patterns of eight phytohormones varied among the Trichoderma strains. All four, when applied alone or in combination, colonized roots of other wheat cultivars and promoted seed germination, tillering, and plant growth under optimal irrigation conditions in the greenhouse. Apart from T136, the endophytic Trichoderma strains showed plant protection capacity against drought as they activated the antioxidant enzyme machinery of the wheat plants. However, T. simmonsii T137 gave the best plant size and spike weight performance in water-stressed plants at the end of the crop. This trait correlated with significantly increased production of indole acetic acid and abscisic acid and increased 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid deaminase activity by T137. This study shows the potential of Trichoderma endophytes and that their success in agricultural systems requires careful selection of suitable strains.
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spelling pubmed-87048902021-12-25 Why Is the Correct Selection of Trichoderma Strains Important? The Case of Wheat Endophytic Strains of T. harzianum and T. simmonsii Pedrero-Méndez, Alberto Insuasti, H. Camilo Neagu, Theodora Illescas, María Rubio, M. Belén Monte, Enrique Hermosa, Rosa J Fungi (Basel) Article The search for endophytic fungi in the roots of healthy wheat plants from a non-irrigation field trial allowed us to select 4 out of a total of 54 cultivable isolates belonging to the genus Trichoderma, identified as T. harzianum T136 and T139, T. simmonsii T137, and T. afroharzianum T138. In vitro assays against the phytopathogenic fungus Fusarium graminearum showed that the T. harzianum strains had the highest biocontrol potential and that T136 exhibited the highest cellulase and chitinase activities. Production patterns of eight phytohormones varied among the Trichoderma strains. All four, when applied alone or in combination, colonized roots of other wheat cultivars and promoted seed germination, tillering, and plant growth under optimal irrigation conditions in the greenhouse. Apart from T136, the endophytic Trichoderma strains showed plant protection capacity against drought as they activated the antioxidant enzyme machinery of the wheat plants. However, T. simmonsii T137 gave the best plant size and spike weight performance in water-stressed plants at the end of the crop. This trait correlated with significantly increased production of indole acetic acid and abscisic acid and increased 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid deaminase activity by T137. This study shows the potential of Trichoderma endophytes and that their success in agricultural systems requires careful selection of suitable strains. MDPI 2021-12-17 /pmc/articles/PMC8704890/ /pubmed/34947069 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof7121087 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Pedrero-Méndez, Alberto
Insuasti, H. Camilo
Neagu, Theodora
Illescas, María
Rubio, M. Belén
Monte, Enrique
Hermosa, Rosa
Why Is the Correct Selection of Trichoderma Strains Important? The Case of Wheat Endophytic Strains of T. harzianum and T. simmonsii
title Why Is the Correct Selection of Trichoderma Strains Important? The Case of Wheat Endophytic Strains of T. harzianum and T. simmonsii
title_full Why Is the Correct Selection of Trichoderma Strains Important? The Case of Wheat Endophytic Strains of T. harzianum and T. simmonsii
title_fullStr Why Is the Correct Selection of Trichoderma Strains Important? The Case of Wheat Endophytic Strains of T. harzianum and T. simmonsii
title_full_unstemmed Why Is the Correct Selection of Trichoderma Strains Important? The Case of Wheat Endophytic Strains of T. harzianum and T. simmonsii
title_short Why Is the Correct Selection of Trichoderma Strains Important? The Case of Wheat Endophytic Strains of T. harzianum and T. simmonsii
title_sort why is the correct selection of trichoderma strains important? the case of wheat endophytic strains of t. harzianum and t. simmonsii
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8704890/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34947069
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof7121087
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