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Retrospective observational study of ethnicity-gender pay gaps among hospital and community health service doctors in England
OBJECTIVES: To identify differences in average basic pay between groups of National Health Service (NHS) doctors cross-classified by ethnicity and gender. Analyse the extent to which characteristics (grade, specialty, age, hours, etc.) can explain these differences. DESIGN: Retrospective observation...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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BMJ Publishing Group
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8704980/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34937715 http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-051043 |
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author | Woodhams, Carol Williams, Mark Dacre, Jane Parnerkar, Ira Sharma, Mukunda |
author_facet | Woodhams, Carol Williams, Mark Dacre, Jane Parnerkar, Ira Sharma, Mukunda |
author_sort | Woodhams, Carol |
collection | PubMed |
description | OBJECTIVES: To identify differences in average basic pay between groups of National Health Service (NHS) doctors cross-classified by ethnicity and gender. Analyse the extent to which characteristics (grade, specialty, age, hours, etc.) can explain these differences. DESIGN: Retrospective observational study using repeated cross-section design. SETTING: Hospital and Community Health Service (HCHS) in England. PARTICIPANTS: All HCHS doctors in England employed by the NHS between 2016 and 2020 appearing in the Digital Electronic Staff Record dataset (average N=99 953 per year). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Hours-adjusted full-time equivalent pay gaps; given as raw data and further adjusted for demographic, job, and workplace characteristics (such as grade, specialty, age, whether British nationality, region) using multivariable regression and statistical decomposition techniques. RESULTS: Pay gaps relative to white men vary with the ethnicity-gender combination. Indian men slightly out-earn white men and Bangladeshi women have a 40% pay gap. In most cases, pay gaps can largely be explained by characteristics that can be measured, especially grade, with the extent varying by specific ethnicity-gender group. However, a portion of pay gaps cannot be explained by characteristics that can be measured. CONCLUSIONS: This study presents new evidence on ethnicity-gender pay gaps among NHS doctors in England using high quality administrative and payroll data. The findings indicate all ethnicity-gender groups earn less than white men on average, except for Indian men. In some cases, these differences cannot be explained giving rise to discussions about the role of discrimination. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8704980 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | BMJ Publishing Group |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-87049802022-01-10 Retrospective observational study of ethnicity-gender pay gaps among hospital and community health service doctors in England Woodhams, Carol Williams, Mark Dacre, Jane Parnerkar, Ira Sharma, Mukunda BMJ Open Health Policy OBJECTIVES: To identify differences in average basic pay between groups of National Health Service (NHS) doctors cross-classified by ethnicity and gender. Analyse the extent to which characteristics (grade, specialty, age, hours, etc.) can explain these differences. DESIGN: Retrospective observational study using repeated cross-section design. SETTING: Hospital and Community Health Service (HCHS) in England. PARTICIPANTS: All HCHS doctors in England employed by the NHS between 2016 and 2020 appearing in the Digital Electronic Staff Record dataset (average N=99 953 per year). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Hours-adjusted full-time equivalent pay gaps; given as raw data and further adjusted for demographic, job, and workplace characteristics (such as grade, specialty, age, whether British nationality, region) using multivariable regression and statistical decomposition techniques. RESULTS: Pay gaps relative to white men vary with the ethnicity-gender combination. Indian men slightly out-earn white men and Bangladeshi women have a 40% pay gap. In most cases, pay gaps can largely be explained by characteristics that can be measured, especially grade, with the extent varying by specific ethnicity-gender group. However, a portion of pay gaps cannot be explained by characteristics that can be measured. CONCLUSIONS: This study presents new evidence on ethnicity-gender pay gaps among NHS doctors in England using high quality administrative and payroll data. The findings indicate all ethnicity-gender groups earn less than white men on average, except for Indian men. In some cases, these differences cannot be explained giving rise to discussions about the role of discrimination. BMJ Publishing Group 2021-12-22 /pmc/articles/PMC8704980/ /pubmed/34937715 http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-051043 Text en © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2021. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) . |
spellingShingle | Health Policy Woodhams, Carol Williams, Mark Dacre, Jane Parnerkar, Ira Sharma, Mukunda Retrospective observational study of ethnicity-gender pay gaps among hospital and community health service doctors in England |
title | Retrospective observational study of ethnicity-gender pay gaps among hospital and community health service doctors in England |
title_full | Retrospective observational study of ethnicity-gender pay gaps among hospital and community health service doctors in England |
title_fullStr | Retrospective observational study of ethnicity-gender pay gaps among hospital and community health service doctors in England |
title_full_unstemmed | Retrospective observational study of ethnicity-gender pay gaps among hospital and community health service doctors in England |
title_short | Retrospective observational study of ethnicity-gender pay gaps among hospital and community health service doctors in England |
title_sort | retrospective observational study of ethnicity-gender pay gaps among hospital and community health service doctors in england |
topic | Health Policy |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8704980/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34937715 http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-051043 |
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