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Hepatitis C Vaccination: Where We Are and Where We Need to Be

The hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a common cause of chronic liver disease and liver cancer worldwide. Despite advances in curative therapies for HCV, the incidence of new infections is not decreasing at the expected rate to hit the World Health Organization (WHO) target for the elimination of HCV by 20...

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Autores principales: Manne, Vignan, Ryan, John, Wong, Jonathan, Vengayil, Gayatri, Basit, Syed Abdul, Gish, Robert G.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8705661/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34959574
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10121619
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author Manne, Vignan
Ryan, John
Wong, Jonathan
Vengayil, Gayatri
Basit, Syed Abdul
Gish, Robert G.
author_facet Manne, Vignan
Ryan, John
Wong, Jonathan
Vengayil, Gayatri
Basit, Syed Abdul
Gish, Robert G.
author_sort Manne, Vignan
collection PubMed
description The hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a common cause of chronic liver disease and liver cancer worldwide. Despite advances in curative therapies for HCV, the incidence of new infections is not decreasing at the expected rate to hit the World Health Organization (WHO) target for the elimination of HCV by 2030. In fact, there are still more new cases of infection in the United States and worldwide than are being cured. The reasons for the rise in new cases include poor access to care and the opioid epidemic. The clinical burden of HCV requires a multimodal approach to eradicating the infection. Vaccination would be an excellent tool to prevent incidence of new infections; however, the genetic diversity of HCV and its ability to generate quasispecies within an infected host make creating a broadly reactive vaccine difficult. Multiple vaccine candidates have been identified, but to date, there has not been a target that has led to a broadly reactive vaccine, though several of the candidates are promising. Additionally, the virus is very difficult to culture and testing candidates in humans or chimpanzees is ethically challenging. Despite the multiple barriers to creating a vaccine, vaccination still represents an important tool in the fight against HCV.
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spelling pubmed-87056612021-12-25 Hepatitis C Vaccination: Where We Are and Where We Need to Be Manne, Vignan Ryan, John Wong, Jonathan Vengayil, Gayatri Basit, Syed Abdul Gish, Robert G. Pathogens Review The hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a common cause of chronic liver disease and liver cancer worldwide. Despite advances in curative therapies for HCV, the incidence of new infections is not decreasing at the expected rate to hit the World Health Organization (WHO) target for the elimination of HCV by 2030. In fact, there are still more new cases of infection in the United States and worldwide than are being cured. The reasons for the rise in new cases include poor access to care and the opioid epidemic. The clinical burden of HCV requires a multimodal approach to eradicating the infection. Vaccination would be an excellent tool to prevent incidence of new infections; however, the genetic diversity of HCV and its ability to generate quasispecies within an infected host make creating a broadly reactive vaccine difficult. Multiple vaccine candidates have been identified, but to date, there has not been a target that has led to a broadly reactive vaccine, though several of the candidates are promising. Additionally, the virus is very difficult to culture and testing candidates in humans or chimpanzees is ethically challenging. Despite the multiple barriers to creating a vaccine, vaccination still represents an important tool in the fight against HCV. MDPI 2021-12-14 /pmc/articles/PMC8705661/ /pubmed/34959574 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10121619 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Manne, Vignan
Ryan, John
Wong, Jonathan
Vengayil, Gayatri
Basit, Syed Abdul
Gish, Robert G.
Hepatitis C Vaccination: Where We Are and Where We Need to Be
title Hepatitis C Vaccination: Where We Are and Where We Need to Be
title_full Hepatitis C Vaccination: Where We Are and Where We Need to Be
title_fullStr Hepatitis C Vaccination: Where We Are and Where We Need to Be
title_full_unstemmed Hepatitis C Vaccination: Where We Are and Where We Need to Be
title_short Hepatitis C Vaccination: Where We Are and Where We Need to Be
title_sort hepatitis c vaccination: where we are and where we need to be
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8705661/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34959574
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10121619
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