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Reagentless Sensing of Vancomycin Using an Indium Tin Oxide Electrode Grafted with Molecularly Imprinted Polymer including Ferrocenyl Group

Vancomycin (VCM) is a first-line antimicrobial agent against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, a cause of nosocomial infections. Therapeutic drug monitoring is strongly recommended for VCM-based chemotherapy. The authors attempted to develop a simple VCM sensor based on molecularly imprin...

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Autores principales: Eguchi, Haruto, Hatano, Akihiko, Yoshimi, Yasuo
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8706183/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34960432
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21248338
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author Eguchi, Haruto
Hatano, Akihiko
Yoshimi, Yasuo
author_facet Eguchi, Haruto
Hatano, Akihiko
Yoshimi, Yasuo
author_sort Eguchi, Haruto
collection PubMed
description Vancomycin (VCM) is a first-line antimicrobial agent against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, a cause of nosocomial infections. Therapeutic drug monitoring is strongly recommended for VCM-based chemotherapy. The authors attempted to develop a simple VCM sensor based on molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP), which can be used with simple operations. Methacrylic acid (MAA), acrylamide, methylenebisacrylamide, and allylamine carboxypropionate-3-ferrocene (ACPF) were copolymerized in the presence of VCM and grafted from the surface of indium-tin oxide (ITO) to obtain MIP-coated electrodes. The MIP-grafted ITO electrode was used for differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) measurements in a buffer solution containing VCM or whole bovine blood. The obtained current depends on the VCM concentration with high linearity. The dynamic range covered the therapeutic range (20–40 μg/mL) of the VCM but was almost insensitive to teicoplanin, which has a similar structure to VCM. The ITO electrodes grafted by the same procedure except for omitting either VCM or APCF were not sensitive to VCM. The sensitivity of the MIP electrodes to VCM in whole blood and buffered saline, but the background current in blood was higher than that in saline. This high background current was also seen in the deproteinized plasma. Thus, the current is probably originated from the oxidation of low molecular weight reducing agents in the blood. The MIP-grafted ITO electrode using ACPF as a functional monomer would be a promising highly selective sensor for real-time monitoring of VCM with proper correction of the background current.
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spelling pubmed-87061832021-12-25 Reagentless Sensing of Vancomycin Using an Indium Tin Oxide Electrode Grafted with Molecularly Imprinted Polymer including Ferrocenyl Group Eguchi, Haruto Hatano, Akihiko Yoshimi, Yasuo Sensors (Basel) Article Vancomycin (VCM) is a first-line antimicrobial agent against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, a cause of nosocomial infections. Therapeutic drug monitoring is strongly recommended for VCM-based chemotherapy. The authors attempted to develop a simple VCM sensor based on molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP), which can be used with simple operations. Methacrylic acid (MAA), acrylamide, methylenebisacrylamide, and allylamine carboxypropionate-3-ferrocene (ACPF) were copolymerized in the presence of VCM and grafted from the surface of indium-tin oxide (ITO) to obtain MIP-coated electrodes. The MIP-grafted ITO electrode was used for differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) measurements in a buffer solution containing VCM or whole bovine blood. The obtained current depends on the VCM concentration with high linearity. The dynamic range covered the therapeutic range (20–40 μg/mL) of the VCM but was almost insensitive to teicoplanin, which has a similar structure to VCM. The ITO electrodes grafted by the same procedure except for omitting either VCM or APCF were not sensitive to VCM. The sensitivity of the MIP electrodes to VCM in whole blood and buffered saline, but the background current in blood was higher than that in saline. This high background current was also seen in the deproteinized plasma. Thus, the current is probably originated from the oxidation of low molecular weight reducing agents in the blood. The MIP-grafted ITO electrode using ACPF as a functional monomer would be a promising highly selective sensor for real-time monitoring of VCM with proper correction of the background current. MDPI 2021-12-13 /pmc/articles/PMC8706183/ /pubmed/34960432 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21248338 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Eguchi, Haruto
Hatano, Akihiko
Yoshimi, Yasuo
Reagentless Sensing of Vancomycin Using an Indium Tin Oxide Electrode Grafted with Molecularly Imprinted Polymer including Ferrocenyl Group
title Reagentless Sensing of Vancomycin Using an Indium Tin Oxide Electrode Grafted with Molecularly Imprinted Polymer including Ferrocenyl Group
title_full Reagentless Sensing of Vancomycin Using an Indium Tin Oxide Electrode Grafted with Molecularly Imprinted Polymer including Ferrocenyl Group
title_fullStr Reagentless Sensing of Vancomycin Using an Indium Tin Oxide Electrode Grafted with Molecularly Imprinted Polymer including Ferrocenyl Group
title_full_unstemmed Reagentless Sensing of Vancomycin Using an Indium Tin Oxide Electrode Grafted with Molecularly Imprinted Polymer including Ferrocenyl Group
title_short Reagentless Sensing of Vancomycin Using an Indium Tin Oxide Electrode Grafted with Molecularly Imprinted Polymer including Ferrocenyl Group
title_sort reagentless sensing of vancomycin using an indium tin oxide electrode grafted with molecularly imprinted polymer including ferrocenyl group
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8706183/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34960432
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21248338
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AT hatanoakihiko reagentlesssensingofvancomycinusinganindiumtinoxideelectrodegraftedwithmolecularlyimprintedpolymerincludingferrocenylgroup
AT yoshimiyasuo reagentlesssensingofvancomycinusinganindiumtinoxideelectrodegraftedwithmolecularlyimprintedpolymerincludingferrocenylgroup