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Growth Hormone and the Human Hair Follicle

Ever since the discoveries that human hair follicles (HFs) display the functional peripheral equivalent of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, exhibit elements of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis, and even generate melatonin and prolactin, human hair research has proven to be a treasure...

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Autores principales: Horesh, Elijah J., Chéret, Jérémy, Paus, Ralf
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8706217/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34948002
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222413205
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author Horesh, Elijah J.
Chéret, Jérémy
Paus, Ralf
author_facet Horesh, Elijah J.
Chéret, Jérémy
Paus, Ralf
author_sort Horesh, Elijah J.
collection PubMed
description Ever since the discoveries that human hair follicles (HFs) display the functional peripheral equivalent of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, exhibit elements of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis, and even generate melatonin and prolactin, human hair research has proven to be a treasure chest for the exploration of neurohormone functions. However, growth hormone (GH), one of the dominant neurohormones of human neuroendocrine physiology, remains to be fully explored in this context. This is interesting since it has long been appreciated clinically that excessive GH serum levels induce distinct human skin pathology. Acromegaly, or GH excess, is associated with hypertrichosis, excessive androgen-independent growth of body hair, and hirsutism in females, while dysfunctional GH receptor-mediated signaling (Laron syndrome) is associated with alopecia and prominent HF defects. The outer root sheath keratinocytes have recently been shown to express functional GH receptors. Furthermore, and contrary to its name, recombinant human GH is known to inhibit female human scalp HFs’ growth ex vivo, likely via stimulating the expression of the catagen-inducing growth factor, TGF-β2. These limited available data encourage one to systematically explore the largely uncharted role of GH in human HF biology to uncover nonclassical functions of this core neurohormone in human skin physiology.
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spelling pubmed-87062172021-12-25 Growth Hormone and the Human Hair Follicle Horesh, Elijah J. Chéret, Jérémy Paus, Ralf Int J Mol Sci Review Ever since the discoveries that human hair follicles (HFs) display the functional peripheral equivalent of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, exhibit elements of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis, and even generate melatonin and prolactin, human hair research has proven to be a treasure chest for the exploration of neurohormone functions. However, growth hormone (GH), one of the dominant neurohormones of human neuroendocrine physiology, remains to be fully explored in this context. This is interesting since it has long been appreciated clinically that excessive GH serum levels induce distinct human skin pathology. Acromegaly, or GH excess, is associated with hypertrichosis, excessive androgen-independent growth of body hair, and hirsutism in females, while dysfunctional GH receptor-mediated signaling (Laron syndrome) is associated with alopecia and prominent HF defects. The outer root sheath keratinocytes have recently been shown to express functional GH receptors. Furthermore, and contrary to its name, recombinant human GH is known to inhibit female human scalp HFs’ growth ex vivo, likely via stimulating the expression of the catagen-inducing growth factor, TGF-β2. These limited available data encourage one to systematically explore the largely uncharted role of GH in human HF biology to uncover nonclassical functions of this core neurohormone in human skin physiology. MDPI 2021-12-08 /pmc/articles/PMC8706217/ /pubmed/34948002 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222413205 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Horesh, Elijah J.
Chéret, Jérémy
Paus, Ralf
Growth Hormone and the Human Hair Follicle
title Growth Hormone and the Human Hair Follicle
title_full Growth Hormone and the Human Hair Follicle
title_fullStr Growth Hormone and the Human Hair Follicle
title_full_unstemmed Growth Hormone and the Human Hair Follicle
title_short Growth Hormone and the Human Hair Follicle
title_sort growth hormone and the human hair follicle
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8706217/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34948002
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222413205
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