Long-Term Mortality in Critically Ill Tracheostomized Patients Based on Home Mechanical Ventilation at Discharge

Data regarding the long-term outcomes for tracheostomized patients receiving home mechanical ventilation (HMV) are limited. We aimed to determine the 1-year mortality rate for critically ill tracheostomized patients with and without HMV. Data of tracheostomized patients between 1 January 2015 and 31 December 2019 were analyzed. A Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed to assess the survival curve of the patients. Among the 124 tracheostomized patients, 102 (82.3%) were weaned from mechanical ventilation (MV), and 22 (17.7%) required HMV at discharge. The overall 1-year mortality rate was 47.6%, and HMV group had a significantly higher 1-year mortality rate than those weaned from MV (41.2% vs. 77.3%, p = 0.002). In the Cox proportional hazards regression, BMI (HR 0.913 [95% CI 0.850–0.980], p = 0.012), Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score (HR 1.114 [95% CI 1.040–1.193], p = 0.002), transfer to a nursing facility (HR 5.055 [95% CI 1.558–16.400], p = 0.007), and HMV at discharge (HR 1.930 [95% CI 1.082–3.444], p = 0.026) were significantly associated with 1-year mortality. Critically ill tracheostomized patients with HMV at discharge had a significantly higher 1-year mortality rate than those weaned from MV. Low BMI, high SOFA score, transfer to a nursing facility, and HMV at discharge were significantly associated with 1-year mortality.