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Vaccination against Cancer or Infectious Agents during Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy

The use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) has substantially increased the overall survival of cancer patients and has revolutionized the therapeutic situation in oncology. However, not all patients and cancer types respond to ICI, or become resistant over time. Combining ICIs with therapeutic ca...

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Autores principales: Nasti, Tahseen H., Eberhardt, Christiane S.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8706349/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34960142
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9121396
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author Nasti, Tahseen H.
Eberhardt, Christiane S.
author_facet Nasti, Tahseen H.
Eberhardt, Christiane S.
author_sort Nasti, Tahseen H.
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description The use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) has substantially increased the overall survival of cancer patients and has revolutionized the therapeutic situation in oncology. However, not all patients and cancer types respond to ICI, or become resistant over time. Combining ICIs with therapeutic cancer vaccines is a promising option as vaccination may help to overcome resistance to immunotherapies while immunotherapies may increase immune responses to the particular cancer vaccine by reinvigorating exhausted T cells. Thus, it would be possible to reprogram a response with appropriate vaccines, using a particular cancer antigen and a corresponding ICI. Target populations include currently untreatable cancer patients or those who receive treatment regimens with high risk of serious side effects. In addition, with the increased use of ICI in clinical practice, questions arise regarding safety and efficacy of administration of conventional vaccines, such as influenza or COVID-19 vaccines, during active ICI treatment. This review discusses the main principles of prophylactic and therapeutic cancer vaccines, the potential impact on combining therapeutic cancer vaccines with ICI, and briefly summarizes the current knowledge of safety and effectiveness of influenza and COVID-19 vaccines in ICI-treated patients.
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spelling pubmed-87063492021-12-25 Vaccination against Cancer or Infectious Agents during Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy Nasti, Tahseen H. Eberhardt, Christiane S. Vaccines (Basel) Review The use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) has substantially increased the overall survival of cancer patients and has revolutionized the therapeutic situation in oncology. However, not all patients and cancer types respond to ICI, or become resistant over time. Combining ICIs with therapeutic cancer vaccines is a promising option as vaccination may help to overcome resistance to immunotherapies while immunotherapies may increase immune responses to the particular cancer vaccine by reinvigorating exhausted T cells. Thus, it would be possible to reprogram a response with appropriate vaccines, using a particular cancer antigen and a corresponding ICI. Target populations include currently untreatable cancer patients or those who receive treatment regimens with high risk of serious side effects. In addition, with the increased use of ICI in clinical practice, questions arise regarding safety and efficacy of administration of conventional vaccines, such as influenza or COVID-19 vaccines, during active ICI treatment. This review discusses the main principles of prophylactic and therapeutic cancer vaccines, the potential impact on combining therapeutic cancer vaccines with ICI, and briefly summarizes the current knowledge of safety and effectiveness of influenza and COVID-19 vaccines in ICI-treated patients. MDPI 2021-11-25 /pmc/articles/PMC8706349/ /pubmed/34960142 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9121396 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Nasti, Tahseen H.
Eberhardt, Christiane S.
Vaccination against Cancer or Infectious Agents during Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy
title Vaccination against Cancer or Infectious Agents during Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy
title_full Vaccination against Cancer or Infectious Agents during Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy
title_fullStr Vaccination against Cancer or Infectious Agents during Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy
title_full_unstemmed Vaccination against Cancer or Infectious Agents during Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy
title_short Vaccination against Cancer or Infectious Agents during Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy
title_sort vaccination against cancer or infectious agents during checkpoint inhibitor therapy
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8706349/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34960142
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9121396
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