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Detailed Evolutionary Analyses of the F Gene in the Respiratory Syncytial Virus Subgroup A
We performed evolution, phylodynamics, and reinfection-related antigenicity analyses of respiratory syncytial virus subgroup A (RSV-A) fusion (F) gene in globally collected strains (1465 strains) using authentic bioinformatics methods. The time-scaled evolutionary tree using the Bayesian Markov chai...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8706373/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34960794 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13122525 |
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author | Saito, Mariko Tsukagoshi, Hiroyuki Sada, Mitsuru Sunagawa, Soyoka Shirai, Tatsuya Okayama, Kaori Sugai, Toshiyuki Tsugawa, Takeshi Hayashi, Yuriko Ryo, Akihide Takeda, Makoto Kawashima, Hisashi Saruki, Nobuhiro Kimura, Hirokazu |
author_facet | Saito, Mariko Tsukagoshi, Hiroyuki Sada, Mitsuru Sunagawa, Soyoka Shirai, Tatsuya Okayama, Kaori Sugai, Toshiyuki Tsugawa, Takeshi Hayashi, Yuriko Ryo, Akihide Takeda, Makoto Kawashima, Hisashi Saruki, Nobuhiro Kimura, Hirokazu |
author_sort | Saito, Mariko |
collection | PubMed |
description | We performed evolution, phylodynamics, and reinfection-related antigenicity analyses of respiratory syncytial virus subgroup A (RSV-A) fusion (F) gene in globally collected strains (1465 strains) using authentic bioinformatics methods. The time-scaled evolutionary tree using the Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo method estimated that a common ancestor of the RSV-A, RSV-B, and bovine-RSV diverged at around 450 years ago, and RSV-A and RSV-B diverged around 250 years ago. Finally, the RSV-A F gene formed eight genotypes (GA1-GA7 and NA1) over the last 80 years. Phylodynamics of RSV-A F gene, including all genotype strains, increased twice in the 1990s and 2010s, while patterns of each RSV-A genotype were different. Phylogenetic distance analysis suggested that the genetic distances of the strains were relatively short (less than 0.05). No positive selection sites were estimated, while many negative selection sites were found. Moreover, the F protein 3D structure mapping and conformational epitope analysis implied that the conformational epitopes did not correspond to the neutralizing antibody binding sites of the F protein. These results suggested that the RSV-A F gene is relatively conserved, and mismatches between conformational epitopes and neutralizing antibody binding sites of the F protein are responsible for the virus reinfection. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8706373 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-87063732021-12-25 Detailed Evolutionary Analyses of the F Gene in the Respiratory Syncytial Virus Subgroup A Saito, Mariko Tsukagoshi, Hiroyuki Sada, Mitsuru Sunagawa, Soyoka Shirai, Tatsuya Okayama, Kaori Sugai, Toshiyuki Tsugawa, Takeshi Hayashi, Yuriko Ryo, Akihide Takeda, Makoto Kawashima, Hisashi Saruki, Nobuhiro Kimura, Hirokazu Viruses Article We performed evolution, phylodynamics, and reinfection-related antigenicity analyses of respiratory syncytial virus subgroup A (RSV-A) fusion (F) gene in globally collected strains (1465 strains) using authentic bioinformatics methods. The time-scaled evolutionary tree using the Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo method estimated that a common ancestor of the RSV-A, RSV-B, and bovine-RSV diverged at around 450 years ago, and RSV-A and RSV-B diverged around 250 years ago. Finally, the RSV-A F gene formed eight genotypes (GA1-GA7 and NA1) over the last 80 years. Phylodynamics of RSV-A F gene, including all genotype strains, increased twice in the 1990s and 2010s, while patterns of each RSV-A genotype were different. Phylogenetic distance analysis suggested that the genetic distances of the strains were relatively short (less than 0.05). No positive selection sites were estimated, while many negative selection sites were found. Moreover, the F protein 3D structure mapping and conformational epitope analysis implied that the conformational epitopes did not correspond to the neutralizing antibody binding sites of the F protein. These results suggested that the RSV-A F gene is relatively conserved, and mismatches between conformational epitopes and neutralizing antibody binding sites of the F protein are responsible for the virus reinfection. MDPI 2021-12-15 /pmc/articles/PMC8706373/ /pubmed/34960794 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13122525 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Saito, Mariko Tsukagoshi, Hiroyuki Sada, Mitsuru Sunagawa, Soyoka Shirai, Tatsuya Okayama, Kaori Sugai, Toshiyuki Tsugawa, Takeshi Hayashi, Yuriko Ryo, Akihide Takeda, Makoto Kawashima, Hisashi Saruki, Nobuhiro Kimura, Hirokazu Detailed Evolutionary Analyses of the F Gene in the Respiratory Syncytial Virus Subgroup A |
title | Detailed Evolutionary Analyses of the F Gene in the Respiratory Syncytial Virus Subgroup A |
title_full | Detailed Evolutionary Analyses of the F Gene in the Respiratory Syncytial Virus Subgroup A |
title_fullStr | Detailed Evolutionary Analyses of the F Gene in the Respiratory Syncytial Virus Subgroup A |
title_full_unstemmed | Detailed Evolutionary Analyses of the F Gene in the Respiratory Syncytial Virus Subgroup A |
title_short | Detailed Evolutionary Analyses of the F Gene in the Respiratory Syncytial Virus Subgroup A |
title_sort | detailed evolutionary analyses of the f gene in the respiratory syncytial virus subgroup a |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8706373/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34960794 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13122525 |
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