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Lactobacillus iners Cell-Free Supernatant Enhances Biofilm Formation and Hyphal/Pseudohyphal Growth by Candida albicans Vaginal Isolates

Candida albicans is a commensal fungus of the vaginal mucosa and the principal etiological agent of vaginal candidiasis. Vaginal dysbiosis has been reported during vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC), with a progressive decrease in Lactobacillus crispatus population and an increase in L. iners population...

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Autores principales: Sabbatini, Samuele, Visconti, Sofia, Gentili, Marco, Lusenti, Eleonora, Nunzi, Emilia, Ronchetti, Simona, Perito, Stefano, Gaziano, Roberta, Monari, Claudia
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8706969/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34946178
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9122577
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author Sabbatini, Samuele
Visconti, Sofia
Gentili, Marco
Lusenti, Eleonora
Nunzi, Emilia
Ronchetti, Simona
Perito, Stefano
Gaziano, Roberta
Monari, Claudia
author_facet Sabbatini, Samuele
Visconti, Sofia
Gentili, Marco
Lusenti, Eleonora
Nunzi, Emilia
Ronchetti, Simona
Perito, Stefano
Gaziano, Roberta
Monari, Claudia
author_sort Sabbatini, Samuele
collection PubMed
description Candida albicans is a commensal fungus of the vaginal mucosa and the principal etiological agent of vaginal candidiasis. Vaginal dysbiosis has been reported during vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC), with a progressive decrease in Lactobacillus crispatus population and an increase in L. iners population. To date, the role of L. iners in VVC pathogenesis remains scarcely explored. Herein we investigated the in vitro effect of L. iners cell-free supernatant (CFS) on the ability of C. albicans to form biofilms. Biomass and metabolic activity were measured by crystal violet and XTT assays. Further, light microscopy was performed to determine the effect of L. iners CFS on biofilm cellular morphology. We found that L. iners CFS induced a significant increase in biofilm formation by C. albicans clinical isolates which were categorized as moderate or weak biofilm producers. This effect was associated with an enhancement of hyphal/pseudohyphal growth, and the expression levels of HWP1 and ECE1, which are typical hyphae-associated genes, were upregulated. Overall, these results suggest that L. iners contributes to the pathogenesis of VVC and highlight the complexity of the interaction between C. albicans and vaginal lactobacilli. Understanding these interactions could prove essential for the development of new strategies for treating VVC.
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spelling pubmed-87069692021-12-25 Lactobacillus iners Cell-Free Supernatant Enhances Biofilm Formation and Hyphal/Pseudohyphal Growth by Candida albicans Vaginal Isolates Sabbatini, Samuele Visconti, Sofia Gentili, Marco Lusenti, Eleonora Nunzi, Emilia Ronchetti, Simona Perito, Stefano Gaziano, Roberta Monari, Claudia Microorganisms Article Candida albicans is a commensal fungus of the vaginal mucosa and the principal etiological agent of vaginal candidiasis. Vaginal dysbiosis has been reported during vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC), with a progressive decrease in Lactobacillus crispatus population and an increase in L. iners population. To date, the role of L. iners in VVC pathogenesis remains scarcely explored. Herein we investigated the in vitro effect of L. iners cell-free supernatant (CFS) on the ability of C. albicans to form biofilms. Biomass and metabolic activity were measured by crystal violet and XTT assays. Further, light microscopy was performed to determine the effect of L. iners CFS on biofilm cellular morphology. We found that L. iners CFS induced a significant increase in biofilm formation by C. albicans clinical isolates which were categorized as moderate or weak biofilm producers. This effect was associated with an enhancement of hyphal/pseudohyphal growth, and the expression levels of HWP1 and ECE1, which are typical hyphae-associated genes, were upregulated. Overall, these results suggest that L. iners contributes to the pathogenesis of VVC and highlight the complexity of the interaction between C. albicans and vaginal lactobacilli. Understanding these interactions could prove essential for the development of new strategies for treating VVC. MDPI 2021-12-13 /pmc/articles/PMC8706969/ /pubmed/34946178 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9122577 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Sabbatini, Samuele
Visconti, Sofia
Gentili, Marco
Lusenti, Eleonora
Nunzi, Emilia
Ronchetti, Simona
Perito, Stefano
Gaziano, Roberta
Monari, Claudia
Lactobacillus iners Cell-Free Supernatant Enhances Biofilm Formation and Hyphal/Pseudohyphal Growth by Candida albicans Vaginal Isolates
title Lactobacillus iners Cell-Free Supernatant Enhances Biofilm Formation and Hyphal/Pseudohyphal Growth by Candida albicans Vaginal Isolates
title_full Lactobacillus iners Cell-Free Supernatant Enhances Biofilm Formation and Hyphal/Pseudohyphal Growth by Candida albicans Vaginal Isolates
title_fullStr Lactobacillus iners Cell-Free Supernatant Enhances Biofilm Formation and Hyphal/Pseudohyphal Growth by Candida albicans Vaginal Isolates
title_full_unstemmed Lactobacillus iners Cell-Free Supernatant Enhances Biofilm Formation and Hyphal/Pseudohyphal Growth by Candida albicans Vaginal Isolates
title_short Lactobacillus iners Cell-Free Supernatant Enhances Biofilm Formation and Hyphal/Pseudohyphal Growth by Candida albicans Vaginal Isolates
title_sort lactobacillus iners cell-free supernatant enhances biofilm formation and hyphal/pseudohyphal growth by candida albicans vaginal isolates
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8706969/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34946178
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9122577
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