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Zebrafish Embryos and Larvae as Alternative Animal Models for Toxicity Testing
Prerequisite to any biological laboratory assay employing living animals is consideration about its necessity, feasibility, ethics and the potential harm caused during an experiment. The imperative of these thoughts has led to the formulation of the 3R-principle, which today is a pivotal scientific...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8707050/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34948215 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222413417 |
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author | Bauer, Benedikt Mally, Angela Liedtke, Daniel |
author_facet | Bauer, Benedikt Mally, Angela Liedtke, Daniel |
author_sort | Bauer, Benedikt |
collection | PubMed |
description | Prerequisite to any biological laboratory assay employing living animals is consideration about its necessity, feasibility, ethics and the potential harm caused during an experiment. The imperative of these thoughts has led to the formulation of the 3R-principle, which today is a pivotal scientific standard of animal experimentation worldwide. The rising amount of laboratory investigations utilizing living animals throughout the last decades, either for regulatory concerns or for basic science, demands the development of alternative methods in accordance with 3R to help reduce experiments in mammals. This demand has resulted in investigation of additional vertebrate species displaying favourable biological properties. One prominent species among these is the zebrafish (Danio rerio), as these small laboratory ray-finned fish are well established in science today and feature outstanding biological characteristics. In this review, we highlight the advantages and general prerequisites of zebrafish embryos and larvae before free-feeding stages for toxicological testing, with a particular focus on cardio-, neuro, hepato- and nephrotoxicity. Furthermore, we discuss toxicokinetics, current advances in utilizing zebrafish for organ toxicity testing and highlight how advanced laboratory methods (such as automation, advanced imaging and genetic techniques) can refine future toxicological studies in this species. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8707050 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-87070502021-12-25 Zebrafish Embryos and Larvae as Alternative Animal Models for Toxicity Testing Bauer, Benedikt Mally, Angela Liedtke, Daniel Int J Mol Sci Review Prerequisite to any biological laboratory assay employing living animals is consideration about its necessity, feasibility, ethics and the potential harm caused during an experiment. The imperative of these thoughts has led to the formulation of the 3R-principle, which today is a pivotal scientific standard of animal experimentation worldwide. The rising amount of laboratory investigations utilizing living animals throughout the last decades, either for regulatory concerns or for basic science, demands the development of alternative methods in accordance with 3R to help reduce experiments in mammals. This demand has resulted in investigation of additional vertebrate species displaying favourable biological properties. One prominent species among these is the zebrafish (Danio rerio), as these small laboratory ray-finned fish are well established in science today and feature outstanding biological characteristics. In this review, we highlight the advantages and general prerequisites of zebrafish embryos and larvae before free-feeding stages for toxicological testing, with a particular focus on cardio-, neuro, hepato- and nephrotoxicity. Furthermore, we discuss toxicokinetics, current advances in utilizing zebrafish for organ toxicity testing and highlight how advanced laboratory methods (such as automation, advanced imaging and genetic techniques) can refine future toxicological studies in this species. MDPI 2021-12-14 /pmc/articles/PMC8707050/ /pubmed/34948215 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222413417 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Bauer, Benedikt Mally, Angela Liedtke, Daniel Zebrafish Embryos and Larvae as Alternative Animal Models for Toxicity Testing |
title | Zebrafish Embryos and Larvae as Alternative Animal Models for Toxicity Testing |
title_full | Zebrafish Embryos and Larvae as Alternative Animal Models for Toxicity Testing |
title_fullStr | Zebrafish Embryos and Larvae as Alternative Animal Models for Toxicity Testing |
title_full_unstemmed | Zebrafish Embryos and Larvae as Alternative Animal Models for Toxicity Testing |
title_short | Zebrafish Embryos and Larvae as Alternative Animal Models for Toxicity Testing |
title_sort | zebrafish embryos and larvae as alternative animal models for toxicity testing |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8707050/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34948215 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222413417 |
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