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Calcium and Vitamin D Supplementation and Their Association with Kidney Stone Disease: A Narrative Review
Kidney stone disease is a multifactorial condition influenced by both genetic predisposition and environmental factors such as lifestyle and dietary habits. Although different monogenic polymorphisms have been proposed as playing a causal role for calcium nephrolithiasis, the prevalence of these mut...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8707627/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34959915 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13124363 |
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author | Bargagli, Matteo Ferraro, Pietro Manuel Vittori, Matteo Lombardi, Gianmarco Gambaro, Giovanni Somani, Bhaskar |
author_facet | Bargagli, Matteo Ferraro, Pietro Manuel Vittori, Matteo Lombardi, Gianmarco Gambaro, Giovanni Somani, Bhaskar |
author_sort | Bargagli, Matteo |
collection | PubMed |
description | Kidney stone disease is a multifactorial condition influenced by both genetic predisposition and environmental factors such as lifestyle and dietary habits. Although different monogenic polymorphisms have been proposed as playing a causal role for calcium nephrolithiasis, the prevalence of these mutations in the general population and their complete pathogenetic pathway is yet to be determined. General dietary advice for kidney stone formers includes elevated fluid intake, dietary restriction of sodium and animal proteins, avoidance of a low calcium diet, maintenance of a normal body mass index, and elevated intake of vegetables and fibers. Thus, balanced calcium consumption protects against the risk for kidney stones by reducing intestinal oxalate availability and its urinary excretion. However, calcium supplementation given between meals might increase urinary calcium excretion without the beneficial effect on oxalate. In kidney stone formers, circulating active vitamin D has been found to be increased, whereas higher plasma 25-hydroxycholecalciferol seems to be present only in hypercalciuric patients. The association between nutritional vitamin D supplements and the risk for stone formation is currently not completely understood. However, taken together, available evidence might suggest that vitamin D administration worsens the risk for stone formation in patients predisposed to hypercalciuria. In this review, we analyzed and discussed available literature on the effect of calcium and vitamin D supplementation on the risk for kidney stone formation. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8707627 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-87076272021-12-25 Calcium and Vitamin D Supplementation and Their Association with Kidney Stone Disease: A Narrative Review Bargagli, Matteo Ferraro, Pietro Manuel Vittori, Matteo Lombardi, Gianmarco Gambaro, Giovanni Somani, Bhaskar Nutrients Review Kidney stone disease is a multifactorial condition influenced by both genetic predisposition and environmental factors such as lifestyle and dietary habits. Although different monogenic polymorphisms have been proposed as playing a causal role for calcium nephrolithiasis, the prevalence of these mutations in the general population and their complete pathogenetic pathway is yet to be determined. General dietary advice for kidney stone formers includes elevated fluid intake, dietary restriction of sodium and animal proteins, avoidance of a low calcium diet, maintenance of a normal body mass index, and elevated intake of vegetables and fibers. Thus, balanced calcium consumption protects against the risk for kidney stones by reducing intestinal oxalate availability and its urinary excretion. However, calcium supplementation given between meals might increase urinary calcium excretion without the beneficial effect on oxalate. In kidney stone formers, circulating active vitamin D has been found to be increased, whereas higher plasma 25-hydroxycholecalciferol seems to be present only in hypercalciuric patients. The association between nutritional vitamin D supplements and the risk for stone formation is currently not completely understood. However, taken together, available evidence might suggest that vitamin D administration worsens the risk for stone formation in patients predisposed to hypercalciuria. In this review, we analyzed and discussed available literature on the effect of calcium and vitamin D supplementation on the risk for kidney stone formation. MDPI 2021-12-04 /pmc/articles/PMC8707627/ /pubmed/34959915 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13124363 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Bargagli, Matteo Ferraro, Pietro Manuel Vittori, Matteo Lombardi, Gianmarco Gambaro, Giovanni Somani, Bhaskar Calcium and Vitamin D Supplementation and Their Association with Kidney Stone Disease: A Narrative Review |
title | Calcium and Vitamin D Supplementation and Their Association with Kidney Stone Disease: A Narrative Review |
title_full | Calcium and Vitamin D Supplementation and Their Association with Kidney Stone Disease: A Narrative Review |
title_fullStr | Calcium and Vitamin D Supplementation and Their Association with Kidney Stone Disease: A Narrative Review |
title_full_unstemmed | Calcium and Vitamin D Supplementation and Their Association with Kidney Stone Disease: A Narrative Review |
title_short | Calcium and Vitamin D Supplementation and Their Association with Kidney Stone Disease: A Narrative Review |
title_sort | calcium and vitamin d supplementation and their association with kidney stone disease: a narrative review |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8707627/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34959915 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13124363 |
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