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Design and Fabrication of Organ-on-Chips: Promises and Challenges

The advent of the miniaturization approach has influenced the research trends in almost all disciplines. Bioengineering is one of the fields benefiting from the new possibilities of microfabrication techniques, especially in cell and tissue culture, disease modeling, and drug discovery. The limitati...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Tajeddin, Alireza, Mustafaoglu, Nur
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8707724/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34945293
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12121443
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author Tajeddin, Alireza
Mustafaoglu, Nur
author_facet Tajeddin, Alireza
Mustafaoglu, Nur
author_sort Tajeddin, Alireza
collection PubMed
description The advent of the miniaturization approach has influenced the research trends in almost all disciplines. Bioengineering is one of the fields benefiting from the new possibilities of microfabrication techniques, especially in cell and tissue culture, disease modeling, and drug discovery. The limitations of existing 2D cell culture techniques, the high time and cost requirements, and the considerable failure rates have led to the idea of 3D cell culture environments capable of providing physiologically relevant tissue functions in vitro. Organ-on-chips are microfluidic devices used in this context as a potential alternative to in vivo animal testing to reduce the cost and time required for drug evaluation. This emerging technology contributes significantly to the development of various research areas, including, but not limited to, tissue engineering and drug discovery. However, it also brings many challenges. Further development of the technology requires interdisciplinary studies as some problems are associated with the materials and their manufacturing techniques. Therefore, in this paper, organ-on-chip technologies are presented, focusing on the design and fabrication requirements. Then, state-of-the-art materials and microfabrication techniques are described in detail to show their advantages and also their limitations. A comparison and identification of gaps for current use and further studies are therefore the subject of the final discussion.
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spelling pubmed-87077242021-12-25 Design and Fabrication of Organ-on-Chips: Promises and Challenges Tajeddin, Alireza Mustafaoglu, Nur Micromachines (Basel) Review The advent of the miniaturization approach has influenced the research trends in almost all disciplines. Bioengineering is one of the fields benefiting from the new possibilities of microfabrication techniques, especially in cell and tissue culture, disease modeling, and drug discovery. The limitations of existing 2D cell culture techniques, the high time and cost requirements, and the considerable failure rates have led to the idea of 3D cell culture environments capable of providing physiologically relevant tissue functions in vitro. Organ-on-chips are microfluidic devices used in this context as a potential alternative to in vivo animal testing to reduce the cost and time required for drug evaluation. This emerging technology contributes significantly to the development of various research areas, including, but not limited to, tissue engineering and drug discovery. However, it also brings many challenges. Further development of the technology requires interdisciplinary studies as some problems are associated with the materials and their manufacturing techniques. Therefore, in this paper, organ-on-chip technologies are presented, focusing on the design and fabrication requirements. Then, state-of-the-art materials and microfabrication techniques are described in detail to show their advantages and also their limitations. A comparison and identification of gaps for current use and further studies are therefore the subject of the final discussion. MDPI 2021-11-25 /pmc/articles/PMC8707724/ /pubmed/34945293 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12121443 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Tajeddin, Alireza
Mustafaoglu, Nur
Design and Fabrication of Organ-on-Chips: Promises and Challenges
title Design and Fabrication of Organ-on-Chips: Promises and Challenges
title_full Design and Fabrication of Organ-on-Chips: Promises and Challenges
title_fullStr Design and Fabrication of Organ-on-Chips: Promises and Challenges
title_full_unstemmed Design and Fabrication of Organ-on-Chips: Promises and Challenges
title_short Design and Fabrication of Organ-on-Chips: Promises and Challenges
title_sort design and fabrication of organ-on-chips: promises and challenges
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8707724/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34945293
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12121443
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