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Membrane Contact Sites in Yeast: Control Hubs of Sphingolipid Homeostasis
Sphingolipids are the most diverse class of membrane lipids, in terms of their structure and function. Structurally simple sphingolipid precursors, such as ceramides, act as intracellular signaling molecules in various processes, including apoptosis, whereas mature and complex forms of sphingolipids...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8707754/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34940472 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes11120971 |
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author | Schlarmann, Philipp Ikeda, Atsuko Funato, Kouichi |
author_facet | Schlarmann, Philipp Ikeda, Atsuko Funato, Kouichi |
author_sort | Schlarmann, Philipp |
collection | PubMed |
description | Sphingolipids are the most diverse class of membrane lipids, in terms of their structure and function. Structurally simple sphingolipid precursors, such as ceramides, act as intracellular signaling molecules in various processes, including apoptosis, whereas mature and complex forms of sphingolipids are important structural components of the plasma membrane. Supplying complex sphingolipids to the plasma membrane, according to need, while keeping pro-apoptotic ceramides in check is an intricate task for the cell and requires mechanisms that tightly control sphingolipid synthesis, breakdown, and storage. As each of these processes takes place in different organelles, recent studies, using the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, have investigated the role of membrane contact sites as hubs that integrate inter-organellar sphingolipid transport and regulation. In this review, we provide a detailed overview of the findings of these studies and put them into the context of established regulatory mechanisms of sphingolipid homeostasis. We have focused on the role of membrane contact sites in sphingolipid metabolism and ceramide transport, as well as the mechanisms that prevent toxic ceramide accumulation. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8707754 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-87077542021-12-25 Membrane Contact Sites in Yeast: Control Hubs of Sphingolipid Homeostasis Schlarmann, Philipp Ikeda, Atsuko Funato, Kouichi Membranes (Basel) Review Sphingolipids are the most diverse class of membrane lipids, in terms of their structure and function. Structurally simple sphingolipid precursors, such as ceramides, act as intracellular signaling molecules in various processes, including apoptosis, whereas mature and complex forms of sphingolipids are important structural components of the plasma membrane. Supplying complex sphingolipids to the plasma membrane, according to need, while keeping pro-apoptotic ceramides in check is an intricate task for the cell and requires mechanisms that tightly control sphingolipid synthesis, breakdown, and storage. As each of these processes takes place in different organelles, recent studies, using the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, have investigated the role of membrane contact sites as hubs that integrate inter-organellar sphingolipid transport and regulation. In this review, we provide a detailed overview of the findings of these studies and put them into the context of established regulatory mechanisms of sphingolipid homeostasis. We have focused on the role of membrane contact sites in sphingolipid metabolism and ceramide transport, as well as the mechanisms that prevent toxic ceramide accumulation. MDPI 2021-12-09 /pmc/articles/PMC8707754/ /pubmed/34940472 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes11120971 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Schlarmann, Philipp Ikeda, Atsuko Funato, Kouichi Membrane Contact Sites in Yeast: Control Hubs of Sphingolipid Homeostasis |
title | Membrane Contact Sites in Yeast: Control Hubs of Sphingolipid Homeostasis |
title_full | Membrane Contact Sites in Yeast: Control Hubs of Sphingolipid Homeostasis |
title_fullStr | Membrane Contact Sites in Yeast: Control Hubs of Sphingolipid Homeostasis |
title_full_unstemmed | Membrane Contact Sites in Yeast: Control Hubs of Sphingolipid Homeostasis |
title_short | Membrane Contact Sites in Yeast: Control Hubs of Sphingolipid Homeostasis |
title_sort | membrane contact sites in yeast: control hubs of sphingolipid homeostasis |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8707754/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34940472 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes11120971 |
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