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Comparison of the Development of SARS-Coronavirus-2-Specific Cellular Immunity, and Central Memory CD4+ T-Cell Responses Following Infection versus Vaccination
Memory T-cell responses following infection with coronaviruses are reportedly long-lived and provide long-term protection against severe disease. Whether vaccination induces similar long-lived responses is not yet clear since, to date, there are limited data comparing memory CD4+ T-cell responses in...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8707815/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34960185 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9121439 |
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author | Dennehy, Kevin M. Löll, Eva Dhillon, Christine Classen, Johanna-Maria Warm, Tobias D. Schuierer, Lukas Hyhlik-Dürr, Alexander Römmele, Christoph Gosslau, Yvonne Kling, Elisabeth Hoffmann, Reinhard |
author_facet | Dennehy, Kevin M. Löll, Eva Dhillon, Christine Classen, Johanna-Maria Warm, Tobias D. Schuierer, Lukas Hyhlik-Dürr, Alexander Römmele, Christoph Gosslau, Yvonne Kling, Elisabeth Hoffmann, Reinhard |
author_sort | Dennehy, Kevin M. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Memory T-cell responses following infection with coronaviruses are reportedly long-lived and provide long-term protection against severe disease. Whether vaccination induces similar long-lived responses is not yet clear since, to date, there are limited data comparing memory CD4+ T-cell responses induced after SARS-CoV-2 infection versus following vaccination with BioNTech/Pfizer BNT162b2. We compared T-cell immune responses over time after infection or vaccination using ELISpot, and memory CD4+ T-cell responses three months after infection/vaccination using activation-induced marker flow cytometric assays. Levels of cytokine-producing T-cells were remarkably stable between three and twelve months after infection, and were comparable to IFNγ+ and IFNγ+IL-2+ T-cell responses but lower than IL-2+ T-cell responses at three months after vaccination. Consistent with this finding, vaccination and infection elicited comparable levels of SARS-CoV-2 specific CD4+ T-cells after three months in addition to comparable proportions of specific central memory CD4+ T-cells. By contrast, the proportions of specific effector memory CD4+ T-cells were significantly lower, whereas specific effector CD4+ T-cells were higher after infection than after vaccination. Our results suggest that T-cell responses—as measured by cytokine expression—and the frequencies of SARS-CoV-2-specific central memory CD4+T-cells—indicative of the formation of the long-lived memory T-cell compartment—are comparably induced after infection and vaccination. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8707815 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-87078152021-12-25 Comparison of the Development of SARS-Coronavirus-2-Specific Cellular Immunity, and Central Memory CD4+ T-Cell Responses Following Infection versus Vaccination Dennehy, Kevin M. Löll, Eva Dhillon, Christine Classen, Johanna-Maria Warm, Tobias D. Schuierer, Lukas Hyhlik-Dürr, Alexander Römmele, Christoph Gosslau, Yvonne Kling, Elisabeth Hoffmann, Reinhard Vaccines (Basel) Article Memory T-cell responses following infection with coronaviruses are reportedly long-lived and provide long-term protection against severe disease. Whether vaccination induces similar long-lived responses is not yet clear since, to date, there are limited data comparing memory CD4+ T-cell responses induced after SARS-CoV-2 infection versus following vaccination with BioNTech/Pfizer BNT162b2. We compared T-cell immune responses over time after infection or vaccination using ELISpot, and memory CD4+ T-cell responses three months after infection/vaccination using activation-induced marker flow cytometric assays. Levels of cytokine-producing T-cells were remarkably stable between three and twelve months after infection, and were comparable to IFNγ+ and IFNγ+IL-2+ T-cell responses but lower than IL-2+ T-cell responses at three months after vaccination. Consistent with this finding, vaccination and infection elicited comparable levels of SARS-CoV-2 specific CD4+ T-cells after three months in addition to comparable proportions of specific central memory CD4+ T-cells. By contrast, the proportions of specific effector memory CD4+ T-cells were significantly lower, whereas specific effector CD4+ T-cells were higher after infection than after vaccination. Our results suggest that T-cell responses—as measured by cytokine expression—and the frequencies of SARS-CoV-2-specific central memory CD4+T-cells—indicative of the formation of the long-lived memory T-cell compartment—are comparably induced after infection and vaccination. MDPI 2021-12-07 /pmc/articles/PMC8707815/ /pubmed/34960185 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9121439 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Dennehy, Kevin M. Löll, Eva Dhillon, Christine Classen, Johanna-Maria Warm, Tobias D. Schuierer, Lukas Hyhlik-Dürr, Alexander Römmele, Christoph Gosslau, Yvonne Kling, Elisabeth Hoffmann, Reinhard Comparison of the Development of SARS-Coronavirus-2-Specific Cellular Immunity, and Central Memory CD4+ T-Cell Responses Following Infection versus Vaccination |
title | Comparison of the Development of SARS-Coronavirus-2-Specific Cellular Immunity, and Central Memory CD4+ T-Cell Responses Following Infection versus Vaccination |
title_full | Comparison of the Development of SARS-Coronavirus-2-Specific Cellular Immunity, and Central Memory CD4+ T-Cell Responses Following Infection versus Vaccination |
title_fullStr | Comparison of the Development of SARS-Coronavirus-2-Specific Cellular Immunity, and Central Memory CD4+ T-Cell Responses Following Infection versus Vaccination |
title_full_unstemmed | Comparison of the Development of SARS-Coronavirus-2-Specific Cellular Immunity, and Central Memory CD4+ T-Cell Responses Following Infection versus Vaccination |
title_short | Comparison of the Development of SARS-Coronavirus-2-Specific Cellular Immunity, and Central Memory CD4+ T-Cell Responses Following Infection versus Vaccination |
title_sort | comparison of the development of sars-coronavirus-2-specific cellular immunity, and central memory cd4+ t-cell responses following infection versus vaccination |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8707815/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34960185 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9121439 |
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