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Comparison of the Development of SARS-Coronavirus-2-Specific Cellular Immunity, and Central Memory CD4+ T-Cell Responses Following Infection versus Vaccination

Memory T-cell responses following infection with coronaviruses are reportedly long-lived and provide long-term protection against severe disease. Whether vaccination induces similar long-lived responses is not yet clear since, to date, there are limited data comparing memory CD4+ T-cell responses in...

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Autores principales: Dennehy, Kevin M., Löll, Eva, Dhillon, Christine, Classen, Johanna-Maria, Warm, Tobias D., Schuierer, Lukas, Hyhlik-Dürr, Alexander, Römmele, Christoph, Gosslau, Yvonne, Kling, Elisabeth, Hoffmann, Reinhard
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8707815/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34960185
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9121439
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author Dennehy, Kevin M.
Löll, Eva
Dhillon, Christine
Classen, Johanna-Maria
Warm, Tobias D.
Schuierer, Lukas
Hyhlik-Dürr, Alexander
Römmele, Christoph
Gosslau, Yvonne
Kling, Elisabeth
Hoffmann, Reinhard
author_facet Dennehy, Kevin M.
Löll, Eva
Dhillon, Christine
Classen, Johanna-Maria
Warm, Tobias D.
Schuierer, Lukas
Hyhlik-Dürr, Alexander
Römmele, Christoph
Gosslau, Yvonne
Kling, Elisabeth
Hoffmann, Reinhard
author_sort Dennehy, Kevin M.
collection PubMed
description Memory T-cell responses following infection with coronaviruses are reportedly long-lived and provide long-term protection against severe disease. Whether vaccination induces similar long-lived responses is not yet clear since, to date, there are limited data comparing memory CD4+ T-cell responses induced after SARS-CoV-2 infection versus following vaccination with BioNTech/Pfizer BNT162b2. We compared T-cell immune responses over time after infection or vaccination using ELISpot, and memory CD4+ T-cell responses three months after infection/vaccination using activation-induced marker flow cytometric assays. Levels of cytokine-producing T-cells were remarkably stable between three and twelve months after infection, and were comparable to IFNγ+ and IFNγ+IL-2+ T-cell responses but lower than IL-2+ T-cell responses at three months after vaccination. Consistent with this finding, vaccination and infection elicited comparable levels of SARS-CoV-2 specific CD4+ T-cells after three months in addition to comparable proportions of specific central memory CD4+ T-cells. By contrast, the proportions of specific effector memory CD4+ T-cells were significantly lower, whereas specific effector CD4+ T-cells were higher after infection than after vaccination. Our results suggest that T-cell responses—as measured by cytokine expression—and the frequencies of SARS-CoV-2-specific central memory CD4+T-cells—indicative of the formation of the long-lived memory T-cell compartment—are comparably induced after infection and vaccination.
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spelling pubmed-87078152021-12-25 Comparison of the Development of SARS-Coronavirus-2-Specific Cellular Immunity, and Central Memory CD4+ T-Cell Responses Following Infection versus Vaccination Dennehy, Kevin M. Löll, Eva Dhillon, Christine Classen, Johanna-Maria Warm, Tobias D. Schuierer, Lukas Hyhlik-Dürr, Alexander Römmele, Christoph Gosslau, Yvonne Kling, Elisabeth Hoffmann, Reinhard Vaccines (Basel) Article Memory T-cell responses following infection with coronaviruses are reportedly long-lived and provide long-term protection against severe disease. Whether vaccination induces similar long-lived responses is not yet clear since, to date, there are limited data comparing memory CD4+ T-cell responses induced after SARS-CoV-2 infection versus following vaccination with BioNTech/Pfizer BNT162b2. We compared T-cell immune responses over time after infection or vaccination using ELISpot, and memory CD4+ T-cell responses three months after infection/vaccination using activation-induced marker flow cytometric assays. Levels of cytokine-producing T-cells were remarkably stable between three and twelve months after infection, and were comparable to IFNγ+ and IFNγ+IL-2+ T-cell responses but lower than IL-2+ T-cell responses at three months after vaccination. Consistent with this finding, vaccination and infection elicited comparable levels of SARS-CoV-2 specific CD4+ T-cells after three months in addition to comparable proportions of specific central memory CD4+ T-cells. By contrast, the proportions of specific effector memory CD4+ T-cells were significantly lower, whereas specific effector CD4+ T-cells were higher after infection than after vaccination. Our results suggest that T-cell responses—as measured by cytokine expression—and the frequencies of SARS-CoV-2-specific central memory CD4+T-cells—indicative of the formation of the long-lived memory T-cell compartment—are comparably induced after infection and vaccination. MDPI 2021-12-07 /pmc/articles/PMC8707815/ /pubmed/34960185 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9121439 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Dennehy, Kevin M.
Löll, Eva
Dhillon, Christine
Classen, Johanna-Maria
Warm, Tobias D.
Schuierer, Lukas
Hyhlik-Dürr, Alexander
Römmele, Christoph
Gosslau, Yvonne
Kling, Elisabeth
Hoffmann, Reinhard
Comparison of the Development of SARS-Coronavirus-2-Specific Cellular Immunity, and Central Memory CD4+ T-Cell Responses Following Infection versus Vaccination
title Comparison of the Development of SARS-Coronavirus-2-Specific Cellular Immunity, and Central Memory CD4+ T-Cell Responses Following Infection versus Vaccination
title_full Comparison of the Development of SARS-Coronavirus-2-Specific Cellular Immunity, and Central Memory CD4+ T-Cell Responses Following Infection versus Vaccination
title_fullStr Comparison of the Development of SARS-Coronavirus-2-Specific Cellular Immunity, and Central Memory CD4+ T-Cell Responses Following Infection versus Vaccination
title_full_unstemmed Comparison of the Development of SARS-Coronavirus-2-Specific Cellular Immunity, and Central Memory CD4+ T-Cell Responses Following Infection versus Vaccination
title_short Comparison of the Development of SARS-Coronavirus-2-Specific Cellular Immunity, and Central Memory CD4+ T-Cell Responses Following Infection versus Vaccination
title_sort comparison of the development of sars-coronavirus-2-specific cellular immunity, and central memory cd4+ t-cell responses following infection versus vaccination
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8707815/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34960185
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9121439
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