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Host Factors Affect the Gut Microbiome More Significantly than Diet Shift
The determining factors of the composition of the gut microbiome are one of the main interests in current science. In this work, we compared the effect of diet shift (DS) from heavily relying on meatatarian diets to vegetarian diets and physical exercise (EX) on the composition of the gut microbiome...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8707884/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34946120 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9122520 |
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author | Lkhagva, Enkhchimeg Chung, Hea-Jong Ahn, Ji-Seon Hong, Seong-Tshool |
author_facet | Lkhagva, Enkhchimeg Chung, Hea-Jong Ahn, Ji-Seon Hong, Seong-Tshool |
author_sort | Lkhagva, Enkhchimeg |
collection | PubMed |
description | The determining factors of the composition of the gut microbiome are one of the main interests in current science. In this work, we compared the effect of diet shift (DS) from heavily relying on meatatarian diets to vegetarian diets and physical exercise (EX) on the composition of the gut microbiome after 3 months. Although both DS and EX affected the composition of the gut microbiome, the patterns of alteration were different. The α-diversity analyzed by InvSimpson, Shannon, Simpson, and Evenness showed that both EX and DS affected the microbiome, causing it to become more diverse, but EX affected the gut microbiome more significantly than DS. The β-diversity analyses indicated that EX and DS modified the gut microbiome in two different directions. Co-occurrence network analysis confirmed that both EX and DS modified the gut microbiome in different directions, although EX modified the gut microbiome more significantly. Most notably, the abundance of Dialister succinatiphilus was upregulated by EX, and the abundances of Bacteroides fragilis, Phascolarctobacterium faecium, and Megasphaera elsdenii were downregulated by both EX and DS. Overall, EX modulated the composition of the gut microbiome more significantly than DS, meaning that host factors are more important in determining the gut microbiome than diets. This work also provides a new theoretical basis for why physical exercise is more health-beneficial than vegetarian diets. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8707884 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-87078842021-12-25 Host Factors Affect the Gut Microbiome More Significantly than Diet Shift Lkhagva, Enkhchimeg Chung, Hea-Jong Ahn, Ji-Seon Hong, Seong-Tshool Microorganisms Article The determining factors of the composition of the gut microbiome are one of the main interests in current science. In this work, we compared the effect of diet shift (DS) from heavily relying on meatatarian diets to vegetarian diets and physical exercise (EX) on the composition of the gut microbiome after 3 months. Although both DS and EX affected the composition of the gut microbiome, the patterns of alteration were different. The α-diversity analyzed by InvSimpson, Shannon, Simpson, and Evenness showed that both EX and DS affected the microbiome, causing it to become more diverse, but EX affected the gut microbiome more significantly than DS. The β-diversity analyses indicated that EX and DS modified the gut microbiome in two different directions. Co-occurrence network analysis confirmed that both EX and DS modified the gut microbiome in different directions, although EX modified the gut microbiome more significantly. Most notably, the abundance of Dialister succinatiphilus was upregulated by EX, and the abundances of Bacteroides fragilis, Phascolarctobacterium faecium, and Megasphaera elsdenii were downregulated by both EX and DS. Overall, EX modulated the composition of the gut microbiome more significantly than DS, meaning that host factors are more important in determining the gut microbiome than diets. This work also provides a new theoretical basis for why physical exercise is more health-beneficial than vegetarian diets. MDPI 2021-12-06 /pmc/articles/PMC8707884/ /pubmed/34946120 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9122520 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Lkhagva, Enkhchimeg Chung, Hea-Jong Ahn, Ji-Seon Hong, Seong-Tshool Host Factors Affect the Gut Microbiome More Significantly than Diet Shift |
title | Host Factors Affect the Gut Microbiome More Significantly than Diet Shift |
title_full | Host Factors Affect the Gut Microbiome More Significantly than Diet Shift |
title_fullStr | Host Factors Affect the Gut Microbiome More Significantly than Diet Shift |
title_full_unstemmed | Host Factors Affect the Gut Microbiome More Significantly than Diet Shift |
title_short | Host Factors Affect the Gut Microbiome More Significantly than Diet Shift |
title_sort | host factors affect the gut microbiome more significantly than diet shift |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8707884/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34946120 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9122520 |
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