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Gallotannin-Enriched Fraction from Quercus infectoria Galls as an Antioxidant and Inhibitory Agent against Human Glioblastoma Multiforme
In recent years, herbal medicine has experienced rapid development in the search for alternative anticancer compounds. Various phytochemicals present in Quercus infectoria (QI) galls have been reported to trigger cytotoxic effects on many types of cancer cells. However, a specific active constituent...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8708140/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34961052 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10122581 |
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author | Kamarudin, Nur Alisa Nik Salleh, Nik Nur Hakimah Tan, Suat Cheng |
author_facet | Kamarudin, Nur Alisa Nik Salleh, Nik Nur Hakimah Tan, Suat Cheng |
author_sort | Kamarudin, Nur Alisa |
collection | PubMed |
description | In recent years, herbal medicine has experienced rapid development in the search for alternative anticancer compounds. Various phytochemicals present in Quercus infectoria (QI) galls have been reported to trigger cytotoxic effects on many types of cancer cells. However, a specific active constituent of QI galls with the potential to inhibit highly invasive stage IV malignant brain tumor, glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), is yet to be discovered. In this study, a two-phase system composed of aqueous soxhlet extraction and methanolic enrichment fractionation was employed to extract an anticancer compound, gallotannin, from the QI galls. This optimized two-phase system successfully generated a fraction (F4) with ~71% gallotannin, verified by the TLC and HPLC assays. Astoundingly, this fraction showed significantly higher (~1.15-fold) antioxidant activities compared to its crude extract, as well as to a commercial synthetic pure gallotannin. The F4 was also found to significantly suppress GBM cell growth, better than the synthetic pure gallotannin and the QI gall crude extract, probably related to its significantly higher antioxidant property. Moreover, the inhibitory effects exerted by the F4 treatment on GBM cells were comparable to the effects of two clinically used chemo-drugs (Temozolomide and Tamoxifen), indicating its high efficiency in combating human cancer. In conclusion, this study pioneered the development of an optimized extraction procedure for enriched yield of the natural gallotannin metabolite from the galls of the QI medicinal plant with high antioxidant potential and inhibitory effects on human GBM cells. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8708140 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-87081402021-12-25 Gallotannin-Enriched Fraction from Quercus infectoria Galls as an Antioxidant and Inhibitory Agent against Human Glioblastoma Multiforme Kamarudin, Nur Alisa Nik Salleh, Nik Nur Hakimah Tan, Suat Cheng Plants (Basel) Article In recent years, herbal medicine has experienced rapid development in the search for alternative anticancer compounds. Various phytochemicals present in Quercus infectoria (QI) galls have been reported to trigger cytotoxic effects on many types of cancer cells. However, a specific active constituent of QI galls with the potential to inhibit highly invasive stage IV malignant brain tumor, glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), is yet to be discovered. In this study, a two-phase system composed of aqueous soxhlet extraction and methanolic enrichment fractionation was employed to extract an anticancer compound, gallotannin, from the QI galls. This optimized two-phase system successfully generated a fraction (F4) with ~71% gallotannin, verified by the TLC and HPLC assays. Astoundingly, this fraction showed significantly higher (~1.15-fold) antioxidant activities compared to its crude extract, as well as to a commercial synthetic pure gallotannin. The F4 was also found to significantly suppress GBM cell growth, better than the synthetic pure gallotannin and the QI gall crude extract, probably related to its significantly higher antioxidant property. Moreover, the inhibitory effects exerted by the F4 treatment on GBM cells were comparable to the effects of two clinically used chemo-drugs (Temozolomide and Tamoxifen), indicating its high efficiency in combating human cancer. In conclusion, this study pioneered the development of an optimized extraction procedure for enriched yield of the natural gallotannin metabolite from the galls of the QI medicinal plant with high antioxidant potential and inhibitory effects on human GBM cells. MDPI 2021-11-25 /pmc/articles/PMC8708140/ /pubmed/34961052 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10122581 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Kamarudin, Nur Alisa Nik Salleh, Nik Nur Hakimah Tan, Suat Cheng Gallotannin-Enriched Fraction from Quercus infectoria Galls as an Antioxidant and Inhibitory Agent against Human Glioblastoma Multiforme |
title | Gallotannin-Enriched Fraction from Quercus infectoria Galls as an Antioxidant and Inhibitory Agent against Human Glioblastoma Multiforme |
title_full | Gallotannin-Enriched Fraction from Quercus infectoria Galls as an Antioxidant and Inhibitory Agent against Human Glioblastoma Multiforme |
title_fullStr | Gallotannin-Enriched Fraction from Quercus infectoria Galls as an Antioxidant and Inhibitory Agent against Human Glioblastoma Multiforme |
title_full_unstemmed | Gallotannin-Enriched Fraction from Quercus infectoria Galls as an Antioxidant and Inhibitory Agent against Human Glioblastoma Multiforme |
title_short | Gallotannin-Enriched Fraction from Quercus infectoria Galls as an Antioxidant and Inhibitory Agent against Human Glioblastoma Multiforme |
title_sort | gallotannin-enriched fraction from quercus infectoria galls as an antioxidant and inhibitory agent against human glioblastoma multiforme |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8708140/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34961052 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10122581 |
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