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The Effect of Silicon Grade and Electrode Architecture on the Performance of Advanced Anodes for Next Generation Lithium-Ion Cells

To increase the specific capacity of anodes for lithium-ion cells, advanced active materials, such as silicon, can be utilized. Silicon has an order of magnitude higher specific capacity compared to the state-of-the-art anode material graphite; therefore, it is a promising candidate to achieve this...

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Autores principales: Meyer, Alexandra, Ball, Fabian, Pfleging, Wilhelm
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8708259/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34947797
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11123448
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author Meyer, Alexandra
Ball, Fabian
Pfleging, Wilhelm
author_facet Meyer, Alexandra
Ball, Fabian
Pfleging, Wilhelm
author_sort Meyer, Alexandra
collection PubMed
description To increase the specific capacity of anodes for lithium-ion cells, advanced active materials, such as silicon, can be utilized. Silicon has an order of magnitude higher specific capacity compared to the state-of-the-art anode material graphite; therefore, it is a promising candidate to achieve this target. In this study, different types of silicon nanopowders were introduced as active material for the manufacturing of composite silicon/graphite electrodes. The materials were selected from different suppliers providing different grades of purity and different grain sizes. The slurry preparation, including binder, additives, and active material, was established using a ball milling device and coating was performed via tape casting on a thin copper current collector foil. Composite electrodes with an areal capacity of approximately 1.70 mAh/cm² were deposited. Reference electrodes without silicon were prepared in the same manner, and they showed slightly lower areal capacities. High repetition rate, ultrafast laser ablation was applied to these high-power electrodes in order to introduce line structures with a periodicity of 200 µm. The electrochemical performance of the anodes was evaluated as rate capability and operational lifetime measurements including pouch cells with NMC 622 as counter electrodes. For the silicon/graphite composite electrodes with the best performance, up to 200 full cycles at a C-rate of 1C were achieved until end of life was reached at 80% relative capacity. Additionally, electrochemical impedance spectroscopies were conducted as a function of state of health to correlate the used silicon grade with solid electrolyte interface (SEI) formation and charge transfer resistance values.
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spelling pubmed-87082592021-12-25 The Effect of Silicon Grade and Electrode Architecture on the Performance of Advanced Anodes for Next Generation Lithium-Ion Cells Meyer, Alexandra Ball, Fabian Pfleging, Wilhelm Nanomaterials (Basel) Article To increase the specific capacity of anodes for lithium-ion cells, advanced active materials, such as silicon, can be utilized. Silicon has an order of magnitude higher specific capacity compared to the state-of-the-art anode material graphite; therefore, it is a promising candidate to achieve this target. In this study, different types of silicon nanopowders were introduced as active material for the manufacturing of composite silicon/graphite electrodes. The materials were selected from different suppliers providing different grades of purity and different grain sizes. The slurry preparation, including binder, additives, and active material, was established using a ball milling device and coating was performed via tape casting on a thin copper current collector foil. Composite electrodes with an areal capacity of approximately 1.70 mAh/cm² were deposited. Reference electrodes without silicon were prepared in the same manner, and they showed slightly lower areal capacities. High repetition rate, ultrafast laser ablation was applied to these high-power electrodes in order to introduce line structures with a periodicity of 200 µm. The electrochemical performance of the anodes was evaluated as rate capability and operational lifetime measurements including pouch cells with NMC 622 as counter electrodes. For the silicon/graphite composite electrodes with the best performance, up to 200 full cycles at a C-rate of 1C were achieved until end of life was reached at 80% relative capacity. Additionally, electrochemical impedance spectroscopies were conducted as a function of state of health to correlate the used silicon grade with solid electrolyte interface (SEI) formation and charge transfer resistance values. MDPI 2021-12-20 /pmc/articles/PMC8708259/ /pubmed/34947797 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11123448 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Meyer, Alexandra
Ball, Fabian
Pfleging, Wilhelm
The Effect of Silicon Grade and Electrode Architecture on the Performance of Advanced Anodes for Next Generation Lithium-Ion Cells
title The Effect of Silicon Grade and Electrode Architecture on the Performance of Advanced Anodes for Next Generation Lithium-Ion Cells
title_full The Effect of Silicon Grade and Electrode Architecture on the Performance of Advanced Anodes for Next Generation Lithium-Ion Cells
title_fullStr The Effect of Silicon Grade and Electrode Architecture on the Performance of Advanced Anodes for Next Generation Lithium-Ion Cells
title_full_unstemmed The Effect of Silicon Grade and Electrode Architecture on the Performance of Advanced Anodes for Next Generation Lithium-Ion Cells
title_short The Effect of Silicon Grade and Electrode Architecture on the Performance of Advanced Anodes for Next Generation Lithium-Ion Cells
title_sort effect of silicon grade and electrode architecture on the performance of advanced anodes for next generation lithium-ion cells
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8708259/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34947797
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11123448
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