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The Role of microRNAs in the Mammary Gland Development, Health, and Function of Cattle, Goats, and Sheep
Milk is an integral and therefore complex structural element of mammalian nutrition. Therefore, it is simple to conclude that lactation, the process of producing milk, is as complex as the mammary gland, the organ responsible for this biochemical activity. Nutrition, genetics, epigenetics, disease p...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8708473/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34940759 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ncrna7040078 |
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author | Dysin, Artem P. Barkova, Olga Y. Pozovnikova, Marina V. |
author_facet | Dysin, Artem P. Barkova, Olga Y. Pozovnikova, Marina V. |
author_sort | Dysin, Artem P. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Milk is an integral and therefore complex structural element of mammalian nutrition. Therefore, it is simple to conclude that lactation, the process of producing milk, is as complex as the mammary gland, the organ responsible for this biochemical activity. Nutrition, genetics, epigenetics, disease pathogens, climatic conditions, and other environmental variables all impact breast productivity. In the last decade, the number of studies devoted to epigenetics has increased dramatically. Reports are increasingly describing the direct participation of microRNAs (miRNAs), small noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally, in the regulation of mammary gland development and function. This paper presents a summary of the current state of knowledge about the roles of miRNAs in mammary gland development, health, and functions, particularly during lactation. The significance of miRNAs in signaling pathways, cellular proliferation, and the lipid metabolism in agricultural ruminants, which are crucial in light of their role in the nutrition of humans as consumers of dairy products, is discussed. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8708473 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-87084732021-12-25 The Role of microRNAs in the Mammary Gland Development, Health, and Function of Cattle, Goats, and Sheep Dysin, Artem P. Barkova, Olga Y. Pozovnikova, Marina V. Noncoding RNA Review Milk is an integral and therefore complex structural element of mammalian nutrition. Therefore, it is simple to conclude that lactation, the process of producing milk, is as complex as the mammary gland, the organ responsible for this biochemical activity. Nutrition, genetics, epigenetics, disease pathogens, climatic conditions, and other environmental variables all impact breast productivity. In the last decade, the number of studies devoted to epigenetics has increased dramatically. Reports are increasingly describing the direct participation of microRNAs (miRNAs), small noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally, in the regulation of mammary gland development and function. This paper presents a summary of the current state of knowledge about the roles of miRNAs in mammary gland development, health, and functions, particularly during lactation. The significance of miRNAs in signaling pathways, cellular proliferation, and the lipid metabolism in agricultural ruminants, which are crucial in light of their role in the nutrition of humans as consumers of dairy products, is discussed. MDPI 2021-12-13 /pmc/articles/PMC8708473/ /pubmed/34940759 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ncrna7040078 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Dysin, Artem P. Barkova, Olga Y. Pozovnikova, Marina V. The Role of microRNAs in the Mammary Gland Development, Health, and Function of Cattle, Goats, and Sheep |
title | The Role of microRNAs in the Mammary Gland Development, Health, and Function of Cattle, Goats, and Sheep |
title_full | The Role of microRNAs in the Mammary Gland Development, Health, and Function of Cattle, Goats, and Sheep |
title_fullStr | The Role of microRNAs in the Mammary Gland Development, Health, and Function of Cattle, Goats, and Sheep |
title_full_unstemmed | The Role of microRNAs in the Mammary Gland Development, Health, and Function of Cattle, Goats, and Sheep |
title_short | The Role of microRNAs in the Mammary Gland Development, Health, and Function of Cattle, Goats, and Sheep |
title_sort | role of micrornas in the mammary gland development, health, and function of cattle, goats, and sheep |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8708473/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34940759 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ncrna7040078 |
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