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No Evidence of the Vertical Transmission of Non-Virulent Infectious Salmon Anaemia Virus (ISAV-HPR0) in Farmed Atlantic Salmon

The nonvirulent infectious salmon anaemia virus (ISAV-HPR0) is the putative progenitor for virulent-ISAV, and a potential risk factor for the development of infectious salmon anaemia (ISA). Understanding the transmission dynamics of ISAV-HPR0 is fundamental to proper management and mitigation strate...

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Autores principales: Christiansen, Debes Hammershaimb, Petersen, Petra Elisabeth, Dahl, Maria Marjunardóttir, Vest, Nicolina, Aamelfot, Maria, Kristoffersen, Anja Bråthen, Jansen, Mona Dverdal, Matejusova, Iveta, Gallagher, Michael D., Jónsson, Gísli, Rodriguez, Eduardo, Fosse, Johanna Hol, Falk, Knut
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8708482/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34960697
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13122428
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author Christiansen, Debes Hammershaimb
Petersen, Petra Elisabeth
Dahl, Maria Marjunardóttir
Vest, Nicolina
Aamelfot, Maria
Kristoffersen, Anja Bråthen
Jansen, Mona Dverdal
Matejusova, Iveta
Gallagher, Michael D.
Jónsson, Gísli
Rodriguez, Eduardo
Fosse, Johanna Hol
Falk, Knut
author_facet Christiansen, Debes Hammershaimb
Petersen, Petra Elisabeth
Dahl, Maria Marjunardóttir
Vest, Nicolina
Aamelfot, Maria
Kristoffersen, Anja Bråthen
Jansen, Mona Dverdal
Matejusova, Iveta
Gallagher, Michael D.
Jónsson, Gísli
Rodriguez, Eduardo
Fosse, Johanna Hol
Falk, Knut
author_sort Christiansen, Debes Hammershaimb
collection PubMed
description The nonvirulent infectious salmon anaemia virus (ISAV-HPR0) is the putative progenitor for virulent-ISAV, and a potential risk factor for the development of infectious salmon anaemia (ISA). Understanding the transmission dynamics of ISAV-HPR0 is fundamental to proper management and mitigation strategies. Here, we demonstrate that ISAV-HPR0 causes prevalent and transient infections in all three production stages of Atlantic salmon in the Faroe Islands. Phylogenetic analysis of the haemagglutinin-esterase gene from 247 salmon showed a clear geographical structuring into two significantly distinct HPR0-subgroups, which were designated G2 and G4. Whereas G2 and G4 co-circulated in marine farms, Faroese broodfish were predominantly infected by G2, and smolt were predominantly infected by G4. This infection pattern was confirmed by our G2- and G4-specific RT-qPCR assays. Moreover, the HPR0 variants detected in Icelandic and Norwegian broodfish were never detected in the Faroe Islands, despite the extensive import of ova from both countries. Accordingly, the vertical transmission of HPR0 from broodfish to progeny is uncommon. Phylogenetic and statistical analysis suggest that HPR0 persists in the smolt farms as “house-strains”, and that new HPR0 variants are occasionally introduced from the marine environment, probably by HPR0-contaminated sea-spray. Thus, high biosecurity—including water and air intake—is required to avoid the introduction of pathogens to the smolt farms.
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spelling pubmed-87084822021-12-25 No Evidence of the Vertical Transmission of Non-Virulent Infectious Salmon Anaemia Virus (ISAV-HPR0) in Farmed Atlantic Salmon Christiansen, Debes Hammershaimb Petersen, Petra Elisabeth Dahl, Maria Marjunardóttir Vest, Nicolina Aamelfot, Maria Kristoffersen, Anja Bråthen Jansen, Mona Dverdal Matejusova, Iveta Gallagher, Michael D. Jónsson, Gísli Rodriguez, Eduardo Fosse, Johanna Hol Falk, Knut Viruses Article The nonvirulent infectious salmon anaemia virus (ISAV-HPR0) is the putative progenitor for virulent-ISAV, and a potential risk factor for the development of infectious salmon anaemia (ISA). Understanding the transmission dynamics of ISAV-HPR0 is fundamental to proper management and mitigation strategies. Here, we demonstrate that ISAV-HPR0 causes prevalent and transient infections in all three production stages of Atlantic salmon in the Faroe Islands. Phylogenetic analysis of the haemagglutinin-esterase gene from 247 salmon showed a clear geographical structuring into two significantly distinct HPR0-subgroups, which were designated G2 and G4. Whereas G2 and G4 co-circulated in marine farms, Faroese broodfish were predominantly infected by G2, and smolt were predominantly infected by G4. This infection pattern was confirmed by our G2- and G4-specific RT-qPCR assays. Moreover, the HPR0 variants detected in Icelandic and Norwegian broodfish were never detected in the Faroe Islands, despite the extensive import of ova from both countries. Accordingly, the vertical transmission of HPR0 from broodfish to progeny is uncommon. Phylogenetic and statistical analysis suggest that HPR0 persists in the smolt farms as “house-strains”, and that new HPR0 variants are occasionally introduced from the marine environment, probably by HPR0-contaminated sea-spray. Thus, high biosecurity—including water and air intake—is required to avoid the introduction of pathogens to the smolt farms. MDPI 2021-12-03 /pmc/articles/PMC8708482/ /pubmed/34960697 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13122428 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Christiansen, Debes Hammershaimb
Petersen, Petra Elisabeth
Dahl, Maria Marjunardóttir
Vest, Nicolina
Aamelfot, Maria
Kristoffersen, Anja Bråthen
Jansen, Mona Dverdal
Matejusova, Iveta
Gallagher, Michael D.
Jónsson, Gísli
Rodriguez, Eduardo
Fosse, Johanna Hol
Falk, Knut
No Evidence of the Vertical Transmission of Non-Virulent Infectious Salmon Anaemia Virus (ISAV-HPR0) in Farmed Atlantic Salmon
title No Evidence of the Vertical Transmission of Non-Virulent Infectious Salmon Anaemia Virus (ISAV-HPR0) in Farmed Atlantic Salmon
title_full No Evidence of the Vertical Transmission of Non-Virulent Infectious Salmon Anaemia Virus (ISAV-HPR0) in Farmed Atlantic Salmon
title_fullStr No Evidence of the Vertical Transmission of Non-Virulent Infectious Salmon Anaemia Virus (ISAV-HPR0) in Farmed Atlantic Salmon
title_full_unstemmed No Evidence of the Vertical Transmission of Non-Virulent Infectious Salmon Anaemia Virus (ISAV-HPR0) in Farmed Atlantic Salmon
title_short No Evidence of the Vertical Transmission of Non-Virulent Infectious Salmon Anaemia Virus (ISAV-HPR0) in Farmed Atlantic Salmon
title_sort no evidence of the vertical transmission of non-virulent infectious salmon anaemia virus (isav-hpr0) in farmed atlantic salmon
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8708482/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34960697
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13122428
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