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Retrospective Characterization of Initial Peste des petits ruminants Outbreaks (2008–2012) in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is an acute, contagious viral disease of small ruminants, goats and sheep. The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) was a PPR-free country until 2007, although in 2006, scare alerts were received from the east and the southwest of the country, reporting repeated mo...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8708707/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34960642 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13122373 |
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author | Mulumba-Mfumu, Leopold K. Mahapatra, Mana Diallo, Adama Clarke, Brian Twabela, Augustin Matondo-Lusala, Jean Pierre Njeumi, Felix Parida, Satya |
author_facet | Mulumba-Mfumu, Leopold K. Mahapatra, Mana Diallo, Adama Clarke, Brian Twabela, Augustin Matondo-Lusala, Jean Pierre Njeumi, Felix Parida, Satya |
author_sort | Mulumba-Mfumu, Leopold K. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is an acute, contagious viral disease of small ruminants, goats and sheep. The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) was a PPR-free country until 2007, although in 2006, scare alerts were received from the east and the southwest of the country, reporting repeated mortalities, specifically in goats. In 2008, PPR outbreaks were seen in several villages in the west, leading to structured veterinary field operations. Blood, swabs and pathological specimens consisting of tissues from lungs, spleens, lymph nodes, kidneys, livers and hearts were ethically collected from clinically infected and/or dead animals, as appropriate, in 35 districts. Epidemiological information relating to major risk factors and socio-economic impact was progressively collected, revealing the deaths of 744,527 goats, which converted to a trade value of USD 35,674,600. Samples from infected and dead animals were routinely analyzed by the Central Veterinary Laboratory at Kinshasa for diagnosis, and after official declaration of PPR outbreaks by the FAO in July 2012, selected tissue samples were sent to The Pirbright Institute, United Kingdom, for genotyping. As a result of surveys undertaken between 2008 and 2012, PPR virus (PPRV)-specific antibodies were detected in 25 locations out of 33 tested (75.7%); PPRV nucleic acid was detected in 25 locations out of 35 (71.4%); and a typical clinical picture of PPR was observed in 23 locations out of 35 (65.7%). Analysis of the partial and full genome sequences of PPR viruses (PPRVs) obtained from lymphoid tissues of dead goats collected in Tshela in the DRC in 2012 confirmed the circulation of lineage IV PPRV, showing the highest homology (99.6−100%) with the viruses circulating in the neighboring countries of Gabon, in the Aboumi outbreak in 2011, and Nigeria (99.3% homology) in 2013, although recent outbreaks in 2016 and 2018 in the western part of the DRC that borders with East Africa demonstrated circulation of lineage II and lineage III PPRV. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8708707 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-87087072021-12-25 Retrospective Characterization of Initial Peste des petits ruminants Outbreaks (2008–2012) in the Democratic Republic of the Congo Mulumba-Mfumu, Leopold K. Mahapatra, Mana Diallo, Adama Clarke, Brian Twabela, Augustin Matondo-Lusala, Jean Pierre Njeumi, Felix Parida, Satya Viruses Article Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is an acute, contagious viral disease of small ruminants, goats and sheep. The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) was a PPR-free country until 2007, although in 2006, scare alerts were received from the east and the southwest of the country, reporting repeated mortalities, specifically in goats. In 2008, PPR outbreaks were seen in several villages in the west, leading to structured veterinary field operations. Blood, swabs and pathological specimens consisting of tissues from lungs, spleens, lymph nodes, kidneys, livers and hearts were ethically collected from clinically infected and/or dead animals, as appropriate, in 35 districts. Epidemiological information relating to major risk factors and socio-economic impact was progressively collected, revealing the deaths of 744,527 goats, which converted to a trade value of USD 35,674,600. Samples from infected and dead animals were routinely analyzed by the Central Veterinary Laboratory at Kinshasa for diagnosis, and after official declaration of PPR outbreaks by the FAO in July 2012, selected tissue samples were sent to The Pirbright Institute, United Kingdom, for genotyping. As a result of surveys undertaken between 2008 and 2012, PPR virus (PPRV)-specific antibodies were detected in 25 locations out of 33 tested (75.7%); PPRV nucleic acid was detected in 25 locations out of 35 (71.4%); and a typical clinical picture of PPR was observed in 23 locations out of 35 (65.7%). Analysis of the partial and full genome sequences of PPR viruses (PPRVs) obtained from lymphoid tissues of dead goats collected in Tshela in the DRC in 2012 confirmed the circulation of lineage IV PPRV, showing the highest homology (99.6−100%) with the viruses circulating in the neighboring countries of Gabon, in the Aboumi outbreak in 2011, and Nigeria (99.3% homology) in 2013, although recent outbreaks in 2016 and 2018 in the western part of the DRC that borders with East Africa demonstrated circulation of lineage II and lineage III PPRV. MDPI 2021-11-26 /pmc/articles/PMC8708707/ /pubmed/34960642 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13122373 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Mulumba-Mfumu, Leopold K. Mahapatra, Mana Diallo, Adama Clarke, Brian Twabela, Augustin Matondo-Lusala, Jean Pierre Njeumi, Felix Parida, Satya Retrospective Characterization of Initial Peste des petits ruminants Outbreaks (2008–2012) in the Democratic Republic of the Congo |
title | Retrospective Characterization of Initial Peste des petits ruminants Outbreaks (2008–2012) in the Democratic Republic of the Congo |
title_full | Retrospective Characterization of Initial Peste des petits ruminants Outbreaks (2008–2012) in the Democratic Republic of the Congo |
title_fullStr | Retrospective Characterization of Initial Peste des petits ruminants Outbreaks (2008–2012) in the Democratic Republic of the Congo |
title_full_unstemmed | Retrospective Characterization of Initial Peste des petits ruminants Outbreaks (2008–2012) in the Democratic Republic of the Congo |
title_short | Retrospective Characterization of Initial Peste des petits ruminants Outbreaks (2008–2012) in the Democratic Republic of the Congo |
title_sort | retrospective characterization of initial peste des petits ruminants outbreaks (2008–2012) in the democratic republic of the congo |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8708707/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34960642 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13122373 |
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