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Botulinum Toxin Therapy in Writer’s Cramp and Musician’s Dystonia
Task-specific focal dystonia is characterized by muscle contraction(s) during a specific task, resulting in abnormal postures or movements. Specifically, writer’s cramp involves the upper extremity during the act of writing. Musician’s dystonia has a highly variable presentation, and thus makes ther...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8708945/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34941736 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins13120899 |
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author | Zakin, Elina Simpson, David M. |
author_facet | Zakin, Elina Simpson, David M. |
author_sort | Zakin, Elina |
collection | PubMed |
description | Task-specific focal dystonia is characterized by muscle contraction(s) during a specific task, resulting in abnormal postures or movements. Specifically, writer’s cramp involves the upper extremity during the act of writing. Musician’s dystonia has a highly variable presentation, and thus makes therapeutic options more limited. Treatments include oral pharmacologic agents, neuromodulation, surgery and, most often, botulinum toxin (BoNT) injection. Selection of target muscles for toxin injection continues to be an area of active research for these task-specific movements. We present a review of the literature selected from a predefined search of the MEDLINE and ClinicalTrials.gov databases. We include six controlled studies of botulinum toxin for the management of writer’s cramp and focal task-specific dystonia (FTSD), including musician’s dystonia. Overall, 139 patients were included across all studies, with 99 individuals injected for writer’s cramp and the remaining 40 individuals with FTSD. The age range of all patients was 18–80 years old. We included studies that utilized only the BoNT-A serotype. These studies utilized various severity scales to quantify response to toxin injection, with ratings of instrument or pen control included as subjective ratings. Of the included 139 patients in this review, pooled data for toxin response show that 73% of patients who received the drug demonstrated improvement. Specific techniques for muscle localization and targeting were difficult to study as variable methods were employed. This remains an area of ongoing exploration. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8708945 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-87089452021-12-25 Botulinum Toxin Therapy in Writer’s Cramp and Musician’s Dystonia Zakin, Elina Simpson, David M. Toxins (Basel) Review Task-specific focal dystonia is characterized by muscle contraction(s) during a specific task, resulting in abnormal postures or movements. Specifically, writer’s cramp involves the upper extremity during the act of writing. Musician’s dystonia has a highly variable presentation, and thus makes therapeutic options more limited. Treatments include oral pharmacologic agents, neuromodulation, surgery and, most often, botulinum toxin (BoNT) injection. Selection of target muscles for toxin injection continues to be an area of active research for these task-specific movements. We present a review of the literature selected from a predefined search of the MEDLINE and ClinicalTrials.gov databases. We include six controlled studies of botulinum toxin for the management of writer’s cramp and focal task-specific dystonia (FTSD), including musician’s dystonia. Overall, 139 patients were included across all studies, with 99 individuals injected for writer’s cramp and the remaining 40 individuals with FTSD. The age range of all patients was 18–80 years old. We included studies that utilized only the BoNT-A serotype. These studies utilized various severity scales to quantify response to toxin injection, with ratings of instrument or pen control included as subjective ratings. Of the included 139 patients in this review, pooled data for toxin response show that 73% of patients who received the drug demonstrated improvement. Specific techniques for muscle localization and targeting were difficult to study as variable methods were employed. This remains an area of ongoing exploration. MDPI 2021-12-14 /pmc/articles/PMC8708945/ /pubmed/34941736 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins13120899 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Zakin, Elina Simpson, David M. Botulinum Toxin Therapy in Writer’s Cramp and Musician’s Dystonia |
title | Botulinum Toxin Therapy in Writer’s Cramp and Musician’s Dystonia |
title_full | Botulinum Toxin Therapy in Writer’s Cramp and Musician’s Dystonia |
title_fullStr | Botulinum Toxin Therapy in Writer’s Cramp and Musician’s Dystonia |
title_full_unstemmed | Botulinum Toxin Therapy in Writer’s Cramp and Musician’s Dystonia |
title_short | Botulinum Toxin Therapy in Writer’s Cramp and Musician’s Dystonia |
title_sort | botulinum toxin therapy in writer’s cramp and musician’s dystonia |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8708945/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34941736 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins13120899 |
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