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Gut Bacteria and Neuropsychiatric Disorders

Bacteria in the gut microbiome plays an intrinsic part in immune activation, intestinal permeability, enteric reflex, and entero-endocrine signaling. Apart from physiological and structural changes brought about by gut bacteria on entero-epithelial cells and mucus layers, a vast number of signals ge...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Dicks, Leon M. T., Hurn, Diron, Hermanus, Demi
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8708963/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34946184
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9122583
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author Dicks, Leon M. T.
Hurn, Diron
Hermanus, Demi
author_facet Dicks, Leon M. T.
Hurn, Diron
Hermanus, Demi
author_sort Dicks, Leon M. T.
collection PubMed
description Bacteria in the gut microbiome plays an intrinsic part in immune activation, intestinal permeability, enteric reflex, and entero-endocrine signaling. Apart from physiological and structural changes brought about by gut bacteria on entero-epithelial cells and mucus layers, a vast number of signals generated in the gastro-intestinal tract (GIT) reaches the brain via the vagus nerve. Research on the gut–brain axis (GBA) has mostly been devoted to digestive functions and satiety. Less papers have been published on the role gut microbiota play in mood, cognitive behavior and neuropsychiatric disorders such as autism, depression and schizophrenia. Whether we will be able to fully decipher the connection between gut microbiota and mental health is debatable, especially since the gut microbiome is diverse, everchanging and highly responsive to external stimuli. Nevertheless, the more we discover about the gut microbiome and the more we learn about the GBA, the greater the chance of developing novel therapeutics, probiotics and psychobiotics to treat gastro-intestinal disorders such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), but also improve cognitive functions and prevent or treat mental disorders. In this review we focus on the influence gut bacteria and their metabolites have on neuropsychiatric disorders.
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spelling pubmed-87089632021-12-25 Gut Bacteria and Neuropsychiatric Disorders Dicks, Leon M. T. Hurn, Diron Hermanus, Demi Microorganisms Review Bacteria in the gut microbiome plays an intrinsic part in immune activation, intestinal permeability, enteric reflex, and entero-endocrine signaling. Apart from physiological and structural changes brought about by gut bacteria on entero-epithelial cells and mucus layers, a vast number of signals generated in the gastro-intestinal tract (GIT) reaches the brain via the vagus nerve. Research on the gut–brain axis (GBA) has mostly been devoted to digestive functions and satiety. Less papers have been published on the role gut microbiota play in mood, cognitive behavior and neuropsychiatric disorders such as autism, depression and schizophrenia. Whether we will be able to fully decipher the connection between gut microbiota and mental health is debatable, especially since the gut microbiome is diverse, everchanging and highly responsive to external stimuli. Nevertheless, the more we discover about the gut microbiome and the more we learn about the GBA, the greater the chance of developing novel therapeutics, probiotics and psychobiotics to treat gastro-intestinal disorders such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), but also improve cognitive functions and prevent or treat mental disorders. In this review we focus on the influence gut bacteria and their metabolites have on neuropsychiatric disorders. MDPI 2021-12-14 /pmc/articles/PMC8708963/ /pubmed/34946184 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9122583 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Dicks, Leon M. T.
Hurn, Diron
Hermanus, Demi
Gut Bacteria and Neuropsychiatric Disorders
title Gut Bacteria and Neuropsychiatric Disorders
title_full Gut Bacteria and Neuropsychiatric Disorders
title_fullStr Gut Bacteria and Neuropsychiatric Disorders
title_full_unstemmed Gut Bacteria and Neuropsychiatric Disorders
title_short Gut Bacteria and Neuropsychiatric Disorders
title_sort gut bacteria and neuropsychiatric disorders
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8708963/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34946184
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9122583
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