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Norovirus Vaccines: Current Clinical Development and Challenges

Noroviruses are the major viral pathogens causing epidemic and endemic acute gastroenteritis with significant morbidity and mortality. While vaccines against norovirus diseases have been shown to be of high significance, the development of a broadly effective norovirus vaccine remains difficult, owi...

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Autor principal: Tan, Ming
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8709042/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34959596
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10121641
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author Tan, Ming
author_facet Tan, Ming
author_sort Tan, Ming
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description Noroviruses are the major viral pathogens causing epidemic and endemic acute gastroenteritis with significant morbidity and mortality. While vaccines against norovirus diseases have been shown to be of high significance, the development of a broadly effective norovirus vaccine remains difficult, owing to the wide genetic and antigenic diversity of noroviruses with multiple co-circulated variants of various genotypes. In addition, the absence of a robust cell culture system, an efficient animal model, and reliable immune markers of norovirus protection for vaccine evaluation further hinders the developmental process. Among the vaccine candidates that are currently under clinical studies, recombinant VP1-based virus-like particles (VLPs) that mimic major antigenic features of noroviruses are the common ones, with proven safety, immunogenicity, and protective efficacy, supporting a high success likelihood of a useful norovirus vaccine. This short article reviews the recent progress in norovirus vaccine development, focusing on those from recent clinical studies, as well as summarizes the barriers that are being encountered in this developmental process and discusses issues of future perspective.
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spelling pubmed-87090422021-12-25 Norovirus Vaccines: Current Clinical Development and Challenges Tan, Ming Pathogens Review Noroviruses are the major viral pathogens causing epidemic and endemic acute gastroenteritis with significant morbidity and mortality. While vaccines against norovirus diseases have been shown to be of high significance, the development of a broadly effective norovirus vaccine remains difficult, owing to the wide genetic and antigenic diversity of noroviruses with multiple co-circulated variants of various genotypes. In addition, the absence of a robust cell culture system, an efficient animal model, and reliable immune markers of norovirus protection for vaccine evaluation further hinders the developmental process. Among the vaccine candidates that are currently under clinical studies, recombinant VP1-based virus-like particles (VLPs) that mimic major antigenic features of noroviruses are the common ones, with proven safety, immunogenicity, and protective efficacy, supporting a high success likelihood of a useful norovirus vaccine. This short article reviews the recent progress in norovirus vaccine development, focusing on those from recent clinical studies, as well as summarizes the barriers that are being encountered in this developmental process and discusses issues of future perspective. MDPI 2021-12-19 /pmc/articles/PMC8709042/ /pubmed/34959596 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10121641 Text en © 2021 by the author. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Tan, Ming
Norovirus Vaccines: Current Clinical Development and Challenges
title Norovirus Vaccines: Current Clinical Development and Challenges
title_full Norovirus Vaccines: Current Clinical Development and Challenges
title_fullStr Norovirus Vaccines: Current Clinical Development and Challenges
title_full_unstemmed Norovirus Vaccines: Current Clinical Development and Challenges
title_short Norovirus Vaccines: Current Clinical Development and Challenges
title_sort norovirus vaccines: current clinical development and challenges
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8709042/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34959596
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10121641
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