Molecular imaging of cardiac CXCR4 expression in a mouse model of acute myocardial infarction using a novel (68)Ga-mCXCL12 PET tracer

BACKGROUND: The chemokine receptor CXCR4 and its ligand CXCL12 have been shown to be a possible imaging and therapeutic target after myocardial infarction (MI). The murine-based and mouse-specific (68)Ga-mCXCL12 PET tracer could be suitable for serial in vivo quantification of cardiac CXCR4 expression in a murine model of MI. METHODS AND RESULTS: At days 1-6 after MI, mice were intravenously injected with (68)Ga-mCXCL12. Autoradiography was performed and the infarct-to-remote ratio (I/R) was determined. In vivo PET imaging with (68)Ga-mCXCL12 was conducted on days 1-6 after MI and the percentage of the injected dose (%ID/g) of the tracer uptake in the infarct area was calculated. (18)F-FDG-PET was performed for anatomical landmarking. Ex vivo autoradiography identified CXCR4 upregulation in the infarct region with an increasing I/R after 12 hours (1.4 ± 0.3), showing a significant increase until day 2 (4.5 ± 0.6), followed by a plateau phase (day 4) and decrease after 10 days (1.3 ± 1.0). In vivo PET imaging identified similar CXCR4 upregulation in the infarct region which peaked around day 3 post MI (9.7 ± 5.0 %ID/g) and then subsequently decreased by day 6 (2.8 ± 1.0 %ID/g). CONCLUSION: Noninvasive molecular imaging of cardiac CXCR4 expression using a novel, murine-based, and specific (68)Ga-mCXCL12 tracer is feasible both ex vivo and in vivo. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s12350-020-02262-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.