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Where Are We on the Animal Welfare Map? Using GIS to Assess Stakeholder Diversity and Inclusion
Inequities exist in all facets of society, and animal welfare organizations (AWOs) and their communities are no exception. These organizations interface with multiple stakeholder groups. An active analysis of stakeholder groups to identify under-served areas and communities has not been performed. U...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8710581/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34966813 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2021.785071 |
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author | Roberts, Kevin C. Buckingham, Tegan L. Janke, Kyrsten J. Jacobson, Linda S. |
author_facet | Roberts, Kevin C. Buckingham, Tegan L. Janke, Kyrsten J. Jacobson, Linda S. |
author_sort | Roberts, Kevin C. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Inequities exist in all facets of society, and animal welfare organizations (AWOs) and their communities are no exception. These organizations interface with multiple stakeholder groups. An active analysis of stakeholder groups to identify under-served areas and communities has not been performed. Using stakeholder data from Toronto Humane Society (THS) from 2015–2019, this study performed a retrospective spatial analysis to identify well served and under-served geographic areas for adopters, surrenders, public veterinary service (PVS) clients, volunteers and foster parents, using Hot Spot analysis. Correlation analysis was performed to determine whether the spatial distribution of the groups correlated with the four socioeconomic metrics of the 2016 Ontario Marginalization Index (residential instability, material deprivation, dependency, and ethnic concentration), and a metric representing the distribution of Indigenous residents. For each stakeholder group, there were well served areas, typically in central Toronto where THS is located, and under-served areas, typically in the north-west and north-east corners of Toronto and in the surrounding cities of the Greater Toronto Area. The area served by THS PVS extended further north than the other hot spot areas. The number of adopters increased as the residential instability metric increased, whereas the number of adopters decreased as the ethnic concentration metric increased. The rate of surrenders increased as the Indigenous metric increased. Public Veterinary Service clients increased as the residential instability, material deprivation, and Indigenous metrics increased. One of the primary limitations of this study was the confounding factor of distance from THS. Individuals living further from THS are less likely to utilize its services, particularly if there is another accessible AWO nearby, and therefore may appear to reflect an under-served population that may not truly be under-served. A regional approach would help to overcome this limitation. The results provide useful insights into stakeholder engagement and provide a foundation for analysis of more targeted areas, as well as for strategies to reach under-served demographics. Similar analyses by other AWOs would be helpful to address inequities in a larger geographic area. Animal welfare organizations can improve program effectiveness by adding data analytics skills to the more traditional skills associated with this sector. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8710581 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-87105812021-12-28 Where Are We on the Animal Welfare Map? Using GIS to Assess Stakeholder Diversity and Inclusion Roberts, Kevin C. Buckingham, Tegan L. Janke, Kyrsten J. Jacobson, Linda S. Front Vet Sci Veterinary Science Inequities exist in all facets of society, and animal welfare organizations (AWOs) and their communities are no exception. These organizations interface with multiple stakeholder groups. An active analysis of stakeholder groups to identify under-served areas and communities has not been performed. Using stakeholder data from Toronto Humane Society (THS) from 2015–2019, this study performed a retrospective spatial analysis to identify well served and under-served geographic areas for adopters, surrenders, public veterinary service (PVS) clients, volunteers and foster parents, using Hot Spot analysis. Correlation analysis was performed to determine whether the spatial distribution of the groups correlated with the four socioeconomic metrics of the 2016 Ontario Marginalization Index (residential instability, material deprivation, dependency, and ethnic concentration), and a metric representing the distribution of Indigenous residents. For each stakeholder group, there were well served areas, typically in central Toronto where THS is located, and under-served areas, typically in the north-west and north-east corners of Toronto and in the surrounding cities of the Greater Toronto Area. The area served by THS PVS extended further north than the other hot spot areas. The number of adopters increased as the residential instability metric increased, whereas the number of adopters decreased as the ethnic concentration metric increased. The rate of surrenders increased as the Indigenous metric increased. Public Veterinary Service clients increased as the residential instability, material deprivation, and Indigenous metrics increased. One of the primary limitations of this study was the confounding factor of distance from THS. Individuals living further from THS are less likely to utilize its services, particularly if there is another accessible AWO nearby, and therefore may appear to reflect an under-served population that may not truly be under-served. A regional approach would help to overcome this limitation. The results provide useful insights into stakeholder engagement and provide a foundation for analysis of more targeted areas, as well as for strategies to reach under-served demographics. Similar analyses by other AWOs would be helpful to address inequities in a larger geographic area. Animal welfare organizations can improve program effectiveness by adding data analytics skills to the more traditional skills associated with this sector. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-12-13 /pmc/articles/PMC8710581/ /pubmed/34966813 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2021.785071 Text en Copyright © 2021 Roberts, Buckingham, Janke and Jacobson. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Veterinary Science Roberts, Kevin C. Buckingham, Tegan L. Janke, Kyrsten J. Jacobson, Linda S. Where Are We on the Animal Welfare Map? Using GIS to Assess Stakeholder Diversity and Inclusion |
title | Where Are We on the Animal Welfare Map? Using GIS to Assess Stakeholder Diversity and Inclusion |
title_full | Where Are We on the Animal Welfare Map? Using GIS to Assess Stakeholder Diversity and Inclusion |
title_fullStr | Where Are We on the Animal Welfare Map? Using GIS to Assess Stakeholder Diversity and Inclusion |
title_full_unstemmed | Where Are We on the Animal Welfare Map? Using GIS to Assess Stakeholder Diversity and Inclusion |
title_short | Where Are We on the Animal Welfare Map? Using GIS to Assess Stakeholder Diversity and Inclusion |
title_sort | where are we on the animal welfare map? using gis to assess stakeholder diversity and inclusion |
topic | Veterinary Science |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8710581/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34966813 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2021.785071 |
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