Phlegmasia Cerulea Dolens, a Deadly Complication of Deep Vein Thrombosis: Case Report and Review of Literature

Phlegmasia cerulea dolens (PCD) is a rare limb and life-threatening condition caused by extensive deep vein thrombosis of the extremities, and it is classically associated with extensive oedema, severe pain, and skin mottling, which may lead to compartment syndrome, venous gangrene, and even death. A 40-year-old male, with a background history of right femoral vein thrombosis, cardiomyopathy, with an ejection fraction of only 10%, presented with three days history of progressive swelling, pain, and discolouration of the right lower limb. He was treated with therapeutic low molecular weight heparin along with supportive care with intravenous fluids and pain relief. In view of his poor ejection fraction, he was treated non-operatively with supportive care. The patient succumbed after three months of presentation. PCD is a rare vascular emergency condition that if not recognized early and treated aggressively may lead to higher morbidity and mortality.