Role of Dual-Energy Computed Tomography in the Identification of Monosodium Urate Deposition in Gout Patients: A Comprehensive Analysis of 828 Joints According to Structural Joint Damage

Background Dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) has become a promising, non-invasive procedure for the visualization, characterization, and quantification of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals, which aids clinicians in the diagnosis of gout. In this study, we aimed to examine the diagnostic accuracy of DECT in the evaluation of gout. Methodology This cross-sectional retrospective study included patients who were clinically diagnosed with gout and underwent a DECT scan. Results A majority (80.4%) of the MSU deposits were found in the ankle joints. The presence of MSU deposits on DECT scan was highly correlated with bone erosion in the upper limb (odds ratio [OR] = 132; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 17.3-1004.3), bone sclerosis in the lower limb (OR = 36.4; 95% CI = 15.4-86.1), bone erosion in metacarpophalangeal joints (OR = 160; 95% CI = 42.7-600.2), and bone sclerosis in metatarsophalangeal joints (OR = 35.6; 95% CI = 15.5-81.9). Using linear regression analysis on patient-level data, correlations were found between DECT MSU crystal deposition and damage on all categories of structural joint damage showing significant association with erosion (r = 0.91, p < 0.001) and space narrowing (r = 0.75, p < 0.001) but not with joints having periarticular calcification (r = 0.52, p < 0.041). Conclusions Our study established DECT as a valid method for detecting MSU deposits and their association with structural joint deterioration in a Vietnamese population.