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Plant Proteoforms Under Environmental Stress: Functional Proteins Arising From a Single Gene

Proteins are directly involved in plant phenotypic response to ever changing environmental conditions. The ability to produce multiple mature functional proteins, i.e., proteoforms, from a single gene sequence represents an efficient tool ensuring the diversification of protein biological functions...

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Autores principales: Kosová, Klára, Vítámvás, Pavel, Prášil, Ilja Tom, Klíma, Miroslav, Renaut, Jenny
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8712444/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34970290
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.793113
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author Kosová, Klára
Vítámvás, Pavel
Prášil, Ilja Tom
Klíma, Miroslav
Renaut, Jenny
author_facet Kosová, Klára
Vítámvás, Pavel
Prášil, Ilja Tom
Klíma, Miroslav
Renaut, Jenny
author_sort Kosová, Klára
collection PubMed
description Proteins are directly involved in plant phenotypic response to ever changing environmental conditions. The ability to produce multiple mature functional proteins, i.e., proteoforms, from a single gene sequence represents an efficient tool ensuring the diversification of protein biological functions underlying the diversity of plant phenotypic responses to environmental stresses. Basically, two major kinds of proteoforms can be distinguished: protein isoforms, i.e., alterations at protein sequence level arising from posttranscriptional modifications of a single pre-mRNA by alternative splicing or editing, and protein posttranslational modifications (PTMs), i.e., enzymatically catalyzed or spontaneous modifications of certain amino acid residues resulting in altered biological functions (or loss of biological functions, such as in non-functional proteins that raised as a product of spontaneous protein modification by reactive molecular species, RMS). Modulation of protein final sequences resulting in different protein isoforms as well as modulation of chemical properties of key amino acid residues by different PTMs (such as phosphorylation, N- and O-glycosylation, methylation, acylation, S-glutathionylation, ubiquitinylation, sumoylation, and modifications by RMS), thus, represents an efficient means to ensure the flexible modulation of protein biological functions in response to ever changing environmental conditions. The aim of this review is to provide a basic overview of the structural and functional diversity of proteoforms derived from a single gene in the context of plant evolutional adaptations underlying plant responses to the variability of environmental stresses, i.e., adverse cues mobilizing plant adaptive mechanisms to diminish their harmful effects.
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spelling pubmed-87124442021-12-29 Plant Proteoforms Under Environmental Stress: Functional Proteins Arising From a Single Gene Kosová, Klára Vítámvás, Pavel Prášil, Ilja Tom Klíma, Miroslav Renaut, Jenny Front Plant Sci Plant Science Proteins are directly involved in plant phenotypic response to ever changing environmental conditions. The ability to produce multiple mature functional proteins, i.e., proteoforms, from a single gene sequence represents an efficient tool ensuring the diversification of protein biological functions underlying the diversity of plant phenotypic responses to environmental stresses. Basically, two major kinds of proteoforms can be distinguished: protein isoforms, i.e., alterations at protein sequence level arising from posttranscriptional modifications of a single pre-mRNA by alternative splicing or editing, and protein posttranslational modifications (PTMs), i.e., enzymatically catalyzed or spontaneous modifications of certain amino acid residues resulting in altered biological functions (or loss of biological functions, such as in non-functional proteins that raised as a product of spontaneous protein modification by reactive molecular species, RMS). Modulation of protein final sequences resulting in different protein isoforms as well as modulation of chemical properties of key amino acid residues by different PTMs (such as phosphorylation, N- and O-glycosylation, methylation, acylation, S-glutathionylation, ubiquitinylation, sumoylation, and modifications by RMS), thus, represents an efficient means to ensure the flexible modulation of protein biological functions in response to ever changing environmental conditions. The aim of this review is to provide a basic overview of the structural and functional diversity of proteoforms derived from a single gene in the context of plant evolutional adaptations underlying plant responses to the variability of environmental stresses, i.e., adverse cues mobilizing plant adaptive mechanisms to diminish their harmful effects. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-12-14 /pmc/articles/PMC8712444/ /pubmed/34970290 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.793113 Text en Copyright © 2021 Kosová, Vítámvás, Prášil, Klíma and Renaut. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Plant Science
Kosová, Klára
Vítámvás, Pavel
Prášil, Ilja Tom
Klíma, Miroslav
Renaut, Jenny
Plant Proteoforms Under Environmental Stress: Functional Proteins Arising From a Single Gene
title Plant Proteoforms Under Environmental Stress: Functional Proteins Arising From a Single Gene
title_full Plant Proteoforms Under Environmental Stress: Functional Proteins Arising From a Single Gene
title_fullStr Plant Proteoforms Under Environmental Stress: Functional Proteins Arising From a Single Gene
title_full_unstemmed Plant Proteoforms Under Environmental Stress: Functional Proteins Arising From a Single Gene
title_short Plant Proteoforms Under Environmental Stress: Functional Proteins Arising From a Single Gene
title_sort plant proteoforms under environmental stress: functional proteins arising from a single gene
topic Plant Science
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8712444/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34970290
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.793113
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