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Potentiating Lung Mucosal Immunity Through Intranasal Vaccination
Yearly administration of influenza vaccines is our best available tool for controlling influenza virus spread. However, both practical and immunological factors sometimes result in sub-optimal vaccine efficacy. The call for improved, or even universal, influenza vaccines within the field has led to...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8712562/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34970279 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.808527 |
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author | Nelson, Sean A. Sant, Andrea J. |
author_facet | Nelson, Sean A. Sant, Andrea J. |
author_sort | Nelson, Sean A. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Yearly administration of influenza vaccines is our best available tool for controlling influenza virus spread. However, both practical and immunological factors sometimes result in sub-optimal vaccine efficacy. The call for improved, or even universal, influenza vaccines within the field has led to development of pre-clinical and clinical vaccine candidates that aim to address limitations of current influenza vaccine approaches. Here, we consider the route of immunization as a critical factor in eliciting tissue resident memory (Trm) populations that are not a target of current licensed intramuscular vaccines. Intranasal vaccination has the potential to boost tissue resident B and T cell populations that reside within specific niches of the upper and lower respiratory tract. Within these niches, Trm cells are poised to respond rapidly to pathogen re-encounter by nature of their anatomic localization and their ability to rapidly deliver anti-pathogen effector functions. Unique features of mucosal immunity in the upper and lower respiratory tracts suggest that antigen localized to these regions is required for the elicitation of protective B and T cell immunity at these sites and will need to be considered as an important attribute of a rationally designed intranasal vaccine. Finally, we discuss outstanding questions and areas of future inquiry in the field of lung mucosal immunity. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8712562 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-87125622021-12-29 Potentiating Lung Mucosal Immunity Through Intranasal Vaccination Nelson, Sean A. Sant, Andrea J. Front Immunol Immunology Yearly administration of influenza vaccines is our best available tool for controlling influenza virus spread. However, both practical and immunological factors sometimes result in sub-optimal vaccine efficacy. The call for improved, or even universal, influenza vaccines within the field has led to development of pre-clinical and clinical vaccine candidates that aim to address limitations of current influenza vaccine approaches. Here, we consider the route of immunization as a critical factor in eliciting tissue resident memory (Trm) populations that are not a target of current licensed intramuscular vaccines. Intranasal vaccination has the potential to boost tissue resident B and T cell populations that reside within specific niches of the upper and lower respiratory tract. Within these niches, Trm cells are poised to respond rapidly to pathogen re-encounter by nature of their anatomic localization and their ability to rapidly deliver anti-pathogen effector functions. Unique features of mucosal immunity in the upper and lower respiratory tracts suggest that antigen localized to these regions is required for the elicitation of protective B and T cell immunity at these sites and will need to be considered as an important attribute of a rationally designed intranasal vaccine. Finally, we discuss outstanding questions and areas of future inquiry in the field of lung mucosal immunity. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-12-14 /pmc/articles/PMC8712562/ /pubmed/34970279 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.808527 Text en Copyright © 2021 Nelson and Sant https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Immunology Nelson, Sean A. Sant, Andrea J. Potentiating Lung Mucosal Immunity Through Intranasal Vaccination |
title | Potentiating Lung Mucosal Immunity Through Intranasal Vaccination |
title_full | Potentiating Lung Mucosal Immunity Through Intranasal Vaccination |
title_fullStr | Potentiating Lung Mucosal Immunity Through Intranasal Vaccination |
title_full_unstemmed | Potentiating Lung Mucosal Immunity Through Intranasal Vaccination |
title_short | Potentiating Lung Mucosal Immunity Through Intranasal Vaccination |
title_sort | potentiating lung mucosal immunity through intranasal vaccination |
topic | Immunology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8712562/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34970279 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.808527 |
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