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Epidemiology of Epizootic Lymphangitis Among Carthorses in Ethiopia

Epizootic lymphangitis caused by Histoplasma capsulatum variety farciminosum is a debilitating disease incurring considerable economic losses and affecting the welfare of carthorses. Understanding of its epidemiology is important for devising effective prevention and control measures. A cross-sectio...

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Autores principales: Abdela, Musse G., Teshale, Sori, Gobena, Mesfin M., Zewde, Aboma, Jaleta, Hawi, Gumi, Balako, Ameni, Gobena
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8713507/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34970614
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2021.762937
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author Abdela, Musse G.
Teshale, Sori
Gobena, Mesfin M.
Zewde, Aboma
Jaleta, Hawi
Gumi, Balako
Ameni, Gobena
author_facet Abdela, Musse G.
Teshale, Sori
Gobena, Mesfin M.
Zewde, Aboma
Jaleta, Hawi
Gumi, Balako
Ameni, Gobena
author_sort Abdela, Musse G.
collection PubMed
description Epizootic lymphangitis caused by Histoplasma capsulatum variety farciminosum is a debilitating disease incurring considerable economic losses and affecting the welfare of carthorses. Understanding of its epidemiology is important for devising effective prevention and control measures. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 4,162 carthorses in 17 towns in Ethiopia between October 2018 and June 2019. Clinical and microscopic examinations, fungal culturing, and polymerase chain reaction were used to undertake this study. The overall prevalence of epizootic lymphangitis was 16.67% (95% CI: 15.55–17.84) in carthorses. Epizootic lymphangitis was detected in carthorses found in 16 of the 17 towns included in the study. The highest prevalence was recorded at Kombolcha Town (33.33; 95% CI: 27.54–39.52) whereas the lowest was recorded at Debre Birhan Town (0.00; 95% CI: 0.00–1.27). The results of univariable firth logistic regression analysis showed that the difference between the prevalence of Kombolcha and the prevalences of all the other towns except Holota and Shashemene were statistically significant. Statistically significantly lower prevalence was observed in other towns. Classification of the cases into different clinical forms showed that 87.18, 4.33, and 0.58% were cutaneous, ocular, and respiratory forms respectively, while the remaining 7.93% (55/694; 95% CI: 6.03–10.19) were classified as mixed form. In terms of the severity of the disease, 28.67, 60.52, and 0.81% were mild, moderate, and severe cases, respectively. The majority of the lesions (43.95%) were observed in the skin followed by forelimbs (14.55%) and neck region (14.27%). Higher mean annual temperature, lower annual rainfall, and higher humidity of the study towns were statistically significantly associated with an increased risk of epizootic lymphangitis. In conclusion this study revealed widespread occurrence of epizootic lymphangitis in carthorses yet a heterogeneous prevalence between towns. The veterinary and livestock authorities should take this into account while devising disease control.
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spelling pubmed-87135072021-12-29 Epidemiology of Epizootic Lymphangitis Among Carthorses in Ethiopia Abdela, Musse G. Teshale, Sori Gobena, Mesfin M. Zewde, Aboma Jaleta, Hawi Gumi, Balako Ameni, Gobena Front Vet Sci Veterinary Science Epizootic lymphangitis caused by Histoplasma capsulatum variety farciminosum is a debilitating disease incurring considerable economic losses and affecting the welfare of carthorses. Understanding of its epidemiology is important for devising effective prevention and control measures. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 4,162 carthorses in 17 towns in Ethiopia between October 2018 and June 2019. Clinical and microscopic examinations, fungal culturing, and polymerase chain reaction were used to undertake this study. The overall prevalence of epizootic lymphangitis was 16.67% (95% CI: 15.55–17.84) in carthorses. Epizootic lymphangitis was detected in carthorses found in 16 of the 17 towns included in the study. The highest prevalence was recorded at Kombolcha Town (33.33; 95% CI: 27.54–39.52) whereas the lowest was recorded at Debre Birhan Town (0.00; 95% CI: 0.00–1.27). The results of univariable firth logistic regression analysis showed that the difference between the prevalence of Kombolcha and the prevalences of all the other towns except Holota and Shashemene were statistically significant. Statistically significantly lower prevalence was observed in other towns. Classification of the cases into different clinical forms showed that 87.18, 4.33, and 0.58% were cutaneous, ocular, and respiratory forms respectively, while the remaining 7.93% (55/694; 95% CI: 6.03–10.19) were classified as mixed form. In terms of the severity of the disease, 28.67, 60.52, and 0.81% were mild, moderate, and severe cases, respectively. The majority of the lesions (43.95%) were observed in the skin followed by forelimbs (14.55%) and neck region (14.27%). Higher mean annual temperature, lower annual rainfall, and higher humidity of the study towns were statistically significantly associated with an increased risk of epizootic lymphangitis. In conclusion this study revealed widespread occurrence of epizootic lymphangitis in carthorses yet a heterogeneous prevalence between towns. The veterinary and livestock authorities should take this into account while devising disease control. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-12-10 /pmc/articles/PMC8713507/ /pubmed/34970614 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2021.762937 Text en Copyright © 2021 Abdela, Teshale, Gobena, Zewde, Jaleta, Gumi and Ameni. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Veterinary Science
Abdela, Musse G.
Teshale, Sori
Gobena, Mesfin M.
Zewde, Aboma
Jaleta, Hawi
Gumi, Balako
Ameni, Gobena
Epidemiology of Epizootic Lymphangitis Among Carthorses in Ethiopia
title Epidemiology of Epizootic Lymphangitis Among Carthorses in Ethiopia
title_full Epidemiology of Epizootic Lymphangitis Among Carthorses in Ethiopia
title_fullStr Epidemiology of Epizootic Lymphangitis Among Carthorses in Ethiopia
title_full_unstemmed Epidemiology of Epizootic Lymphangitis Among Carthorses in Ethiopia
title_short Epidemiology of Epizootic Lymphangitis Among Carthorses in Ethiopia
title_sort epidemiology of epizootic lymphangitis among carthorses in ethiopia
topic Veterinary Science
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8713507/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34970614
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2021.762937
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