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Effects of Light Intensity on Root Development in a D-Root Growth System

Plant development is highly affected by light quality, direction, and intensity. Under natural growth conditions, shoots are directly exposed to light whereas roots develop underground shielded from direct illumination. The photomorphogenic development strongly represses shoot elongation whereas pro...

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Autores principales: Miotto, Yohanna Evelyn, da Costa, Cibele Tesser, Offringa, Remko, Kleine-Vehn, Jürgen, Maraschin, Felipe dos Santos
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8715079/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34975962
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.778382
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author Miotto, Yohanna Evelyn
da Costa, Cibele Tesser
Offringa, Remko
Kleine-Vehn, Jürgen
Maraschin, Felipe dos Santos
author_facet Miotto, Yohanna Evelyn
da Costa, Cibele Tesser
Offringa, Remko
Kleine-Vehn, Jürgen
Maraschin, Felipe dos Santos
author_sort Miotto, Yohanna Evelyn
collection PubMed
description Plant development is highly affected by light quality, direction, and intensity. Under natural growth conditions, shoots are directly exposed to light whereas roots develop underground shielded from direct illumination. The photomorphogenic development strongly represses shoot elongation whereas promotes root growth. Over the years, several studies helped the elucidation of signaling elements that coordinate light perception and underlying developmental outputs. Light exposure of the shoots has diverse effects on main root growth and lateral root (LR) formation. In this study, we evaluated the phenotypic root responses of wild-type Arabidopsis plants, as well as several mutants, grown in a D-Root system. We observed that sucrose and light act synergistically to promote root growth and that sucrose alone cannot overcome the light requirement for root growth. We also have shown that roots respond to the light intensity applied to the shoot by changes in primary and LR development. Loss-of-function mutants for several root light-response genes display varying phenotypes according to the light intensity to which shoots are exposed. Low light intensity strongly impaired LR development for most genotypes. Only vid-27 and pils4 mutants showed higher LR density at 40 μmol m(–2) s(–1) than at 80 μmol m(–2) s(–1) whereas yuc3 and shy2-2 presented no LR development in any light condition, reinforcing the importance of auxin signaling in light-dependent root development. Our results support the use of D-Root systems to avoid the effects of direct root illumination that might lead to artifacts and unnatural phenotypic outputs.
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spelling pubmed-87150792021-12-30 Effects of Light Intensity on Root Development in a D-Root Growth System Miotto, Yohanna Evelyn da Costa, Cibele Tesser Offringa, Remko Kleine-Vehn, Jürgen Maraschin, Felipe dos Santos Front Plant Sci Plant Science Plant development is highly affected by light quality, direction, and intensity. Under natural growth conditions, shoots are directly exposed to light whereas roots develop underground shielded from direct illumination. The photomorphogenic development strongly represses shoot elongation whereas promotes root growth. Over the years, several studies helped the elucidation of signaling elements that coordinate light perception and underlying developmental outputs. Light exposure of the shoots has diverse effects on main root growth and lateral root (LR) formation. In this study, we evaluated the phenotypic root responses of wild-type Arabidopsis plants, as well as several mutants, grown in a D-Root system. We observed that sucrose and light act synergistically to promote root growth and that sucrose alone cannot overcome the light requirement for root growth. We also have shown that roots respond to the light intensity applied to the shoot by changes in primary and LR development. Loss-of-function mutants for several root light-response genes display varying phenotypes according to the light intensity to which shoots are exposed. Low light intensity strongly impaired LR development for most genotypes. Only vid-27 and pils4 mutants showed higher LR density at 40 μmol m(–2) s(–1) than at 80 μmol m(–2) s(–1) whereas yuc3 and shy2-2 presented no LR development in any light condition, reinforcing the importance of auxin signaling in light-dependent root development. Our results support the use of D-Root systems to avoid the effects of direct root illumination that might lead to artifacts and unnatural phenotypic outputs. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-12-15 /pmc/articles/PMC8715079/ /pubmed/34975962 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.778382 Text en Copyright © 2021 Miotto, da Costa, Offringa, Kleine-Vehn and Maraschin. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Plant Science
Miotto, Yohanna Evelyn
da Costa, Cibele Tesser
Offringa, Remko
Kleine-Vehn, Jürgen
Maraschin, Felipe dos Santos
Effects of Light Intensity on Root Development in a D-Root Growth System
title Effects of Light Intensity on Root Development in a D-Root Growth System
title_full Effects of Light Intensity on Root Development in a D-Root Growth System
title_fullStr Effects of Light Intensity on Root Development in a D-Root Growth System
title_full_unstemmed Effects of Light Intensity on Root Development in a D-Root Growth System
title_short Effects of Light Intensity on Root Development in a D-Root Growth System
title_sort effects of light intensity on root development in a d-root growth system
topic Plant Science
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8715079/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34975962
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.778382
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