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Systems Immunology Analyses Following Porcine Respiratory and Reproductive Syndrome Virus Infection and Vaccination

This study was initiated to better understand the nature of innate immune responses and the relatively weak and delayed immune response against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). Following modified live virus (MLV) vaccination or infection with two PRRSV-2 strains, we analy...

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Autores principales: Bocard, Loïc Vivien, Kick, Andrew Robert, Hug, Corinne, Lischer, Heidi Erika Lisa, Käser, Tobias, Summerfield, Artur
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8716554/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34975868
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.779747
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author Bocard, Loïc Vivien
Kick, Andrew Robert
Hug, Corinne
Lischer, Heidi Erika Lisa
Käser, Tobias
Summerfield, Artur
author_facet Bocard, Loïc Vivien
Kick, Andrew Robert
Hug, Corinne
Lischer, Heidi Erika Lisa
Käser, Tobias
Summerfield, Artur
author_sort Bocard, Loïc Vivien
collection PubMed
description This study was initiated to better understand the nature of innate immune responses and the relatively weak and delayed immune response against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). Following modified live virus (MLV) vaccination or infection with two PRRSV-2 strains, we analyzed the transcriptome of peripheral blood mononuclear cells collected before and at three and seven days after vaccination or infection. We used blood transcriptional modules (BTMs)-based gene set enrichment analyses. BTMs related to innate immune processes were upregulated by PRRSV-2 strains but downregulated by MLV. In contrast, BTMs related to adaptive immune responses, in particular T cells and cell cycle, were downregulated by PRRSV-2 but upregulated by MLV. In addition, we found differences between the PRRSV strains. Only the more virulent strain induced a strong platelet activation, dendritic cell activation, interferon type I and plasma cell responses. We also calculated the correlations of BTM with the neutralizing antibody and the T-cell responses. Early downregulation (day 0–3) of dendritic cell and B-cell BTM correlated to both CD4 and CD8 T-cell responses. Furthermore, a late (day 3–7) upregulation of interferon type I modules strongly correlated to helper and regulatory T-cell responses, while inflammatory BTM upregulation correlated more to CD8 T-cell responses. BTM related to T cells had positive correlations at three days but negative associations at seven days post-infection. Taken together, this work contributes to resolve the complexity of the innate and adaptive immune responses against PRRSV and indicates a fundamentally different immune response to the less immunogenic MLV compared to field strains which induced robust adaptive immune responses. The identified correlates of T-cell responses will facilitate a rational approach to improve the immunogenicity of MLV.
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spelling pubmed-87165542021-12-31 Systems Immunology Analyses Following Porcine Respiratory and Reproductive Syndrome Virus Infection and Vaccination Bocard, Loïc Vivien Kick, Andrew Robert Hug, Corinne Lischer, Heidi Erika Lisa Käser, Tobias Summerfield, Artur Front Immunol Immunology This study was initiated to better understand the nature of innate immune responses and the relatively weak and delayed immune response against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). Following modified live virus (MLV) vaccination or infection with two PRRSV-2 strains, we analyzed the transcriptome of peripheral blood mononuclear cells collected before and at three and seven days after vaccination or infection. We used blood transcriptional modules (BTMs)-based gene set enrichment analyses. BTMs related to innate immune processes were upregulated by PRRSV-2 strains but downregulated by MLV. In contrast, BTMs related to adaptive immune responses, in particular T cells and cell cycle, were downregulated by PRRSV-2 but upregulated by MLV. In addition, we found differences between the PRRSV strains. Only the more virulent strain induced a strong platelet activation, dendritic cell activation, interferon type I and plasma cell responses. We also calculated the correlations of BTM with the neutralizing antibody and the T-cell responses. Early downregulation (day 0–3) of dendritic cell and B-cell BTM correlated to both CD4 and CD8 T-cell responses. Furthermore, a late (day 3–7) upregulation of interferon type I modules strongly correlated to helper and regulatory T-cell responses, while inflammatory BTM upregulation correlated more to CD8 T-cell responses. BTM related to T cells had positive correlations at three days but negative associations at seven days post-infection. Taken together, this work contributes to resolve the complexity of the innate and adaptive immune responses against PRRSV and indicates a fundamentally different immune response to the less immunogenic MLV compared to field strains which induced robust adaptive immune responses. The identified correlates of T-cell responses will facilitate a rational approach to improve the immunogenicity of MLV. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-12-16 /pmc/articles/PMC8716554/ /pubmed/34975868 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.779747 Text en Copyright © 2021 Bocard, Kick, Hug, Lischer, Käser and Summerfield https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Immunology
Bocard, Loïc Vivien
Kick, Andrew Robert
Hug, Corinne
Lischer, Heidi Erika Lisa
Käser, Tobias
Summerfield, Artur
Systems Immunology Analyses Following Porcine Respiratory and Reproductive Syndrome Virus Infection and Vaccination
title Systems Immunology Analyses Following Porcine Respiratory and Reproductive Syndrome Virus Infection and Vaccination
title_full Systems Immunology Analyses Following Porcine Respiratory and Reproductive Syndrome Virus Infection and Vaccination
title_fullStr Systems Immunology Analyses Following Porcine Respiratory and Reproductive Syndrome Virus Infection and Vaccination
title_full_unstemmed Systems Immunology Analyses Following Porcine Respiratory and Reproductive Syndrome Virus Infection and Vaccination
title_short Systems Immunology Analyses Following Porcine Respiratory and Reproductive Syndrome Virus Infection and Vaccination
title_sort systems immunology analyses following porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus infection and vaccination
topic Immunology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8716554/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34975868
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.779747
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