Cargando…

Dynamic Surface Tension Enhances the Stability of Nanobubbles in Xylem Sap

Air seeded nanobubbles have recently been observed within tree sap under negative pressure. They are stabilized by an as yet unidentified process, although some embolize their vessels in extreme circumstances. Current literature suggests that a varying surface tension helps bubbles survive, but few...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Ingram, Stephen, Salmon, Yann, Lintunen, Anna, Hölttä, Teemu, Vesala, Timo, Vehkamäki, Hanna
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8716698/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34975934
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.732701
_version_ 1784624373810855936
author Ingram, Stephen
Salmon, Yann
Lintunen, Anna
Hölttä, Teemu
Vesala, Timo
Vehkamäki, Hanna
author_facet Ingram, Stephen
Salmon, Yann
Lintunen, Anna
Hölttä, Teemu
Vesala, Timo
Vehkamäki, Hanna
author_sort Ingram, Stephen
collection PubMed
description Air seeded nanobubbles have recently been observed within tree sap under negative pressure. They are stabilized by an as yet unidentified process, although some embolize their vessels in extreme circumstances. Current literature suggests that a varying surface tension helps bubbles survive, but few direct measurements of this quantity have been made. Here, we present calculations of dynamic surface tension for two biologically relevant lipids using molecular dynamics simulations. We find that glycolipid monolayers resist expansion proportionally to the rate of expansion. Their surface tension increases with the tension applied, in a similar way to the viscosity of a non-Newtonian fluid. In contrast, a prototypical phospholipid was equally resistant to all applied tensions, suggesting that the fate of a given nanobubble is dependent on its surface composition. By incorporating our results into a Classical Nucleation Theory (CNT) framework, we predict nanobubble stability with respect to embolism. We find that the metastable radius of glycolipid coated nanobubbles is approximately 35 nm, and that embolism is in this case unlikely when the external pressure is less negative than –1.5 MPa.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-8716698
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2021
publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-87166982021-12-31 Dynamic Surface Tension Enhances the Stability of Nanobubbles in Xylem Sap Ingram, Stephen Salmon, Yann Lintunen, Anna Hölttä, Teemu Vesala, Timo Vehkamäki, Hanna Front Plant Sci Plant Science Air seeded nanobubbles have recently been observed within tree sap under negative pressure. They are stabilized by an as yet unidentified process, although some embolize their vessels in extreme circumstances. Current literature suggests that a varying surface tension helps bubbles survive, but few direct measurements of this quantity have been made. Here, we present calculations of dynamic surface tension for two biologically relevant lipids using molecular dynamics simulations. We find that glycolipid monolayers resist expansion proportionally to the rate of expansion. Their surface tension increases with the tension applied, in a similar way to the viscosity of a non-Newtonian fluid. In contrast, a prototypical phospholipid was equally resistant to all applied tensions, suggesting that the fate of a given nanobubble is dependent on its surface composition. By incorporating our results into a Classical Nucleation Theory (CNT) framework, we predict nanobubble stability with respect to embolism. We find that the metastable radius of glycolipid coated nanobubbles is approximately 35 nm, and that embolism is in this case unlikely when the external pressure is less negative than –1.5 MPa. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-12-16 /pmc/articles/PMC8716698/ /pubmed/34975934 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.732701 Text en Copyright © 2021 Ingram, Salmon, Lintunen, Hölttä, Vesala and Vehkamäki. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Plant Science
Ingram, Stephen
Salmon, Yann
Lintunen, Anna
Hölttä, Teemu
Vesala, Timo
Vehkamäki, Hanna
Dynamic Surface Tension Enhances the Stability of Nanobubbles in Xylem Sap
title Dynamic Surface Tension Enhances the Stability of Nanobubbles in Xylem Sap
title_full Dynamic Surface Tension Enhances the Stability of Nanobubbles in Xylem Sap
title_fullStr Dynamic Surface Tension Enhances the Stability of Nanobubbles in Xylem Sap
title_full_unstemmed Dynamic Surface Tension Enhances the Stability of Nanobubbles in Xylem Sap
title_short Dynamic Surface Tension Enhances the Stability of Nanobubbles in Xylem Sap
title_sort dynamic surface tension enhances the stability of nanobubbles in xylem sap
topic Plant Science
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8716698/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34975934
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.732701
work_keys_str_mv AT ingramstephen dynamicsurfacetensionenhancesthestabilityofnanobubblesinxylemsap
AT salmonyann dynamicsurfacetensionenhancesthestabilityofnanobubblesinxylemsap
AT lintunenanna dynamicsurfacetensionenhancesthestabilityofnanobubblesinxylemsap
AT holttateemu dynamicsurfacetensionenhancesthestabilityofnanobubblesinxylemsap
AT vesalatimo dynamicsurfacetensionenhancesthestabilityofnanobubblesinxylemsap
AT vehkamakihanna dynamicsurfacetensionenhancesthestabilityofnanobubblesinxylemsap