Cargando…
Yellow-y Functions in Egg Melanization and Chorion Morphology of the Asian Tiger Mosquito, Aedes albopictus
The Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus, is one of the most serious public health pests, which can transmit various vector-borne diseases. Eggs from this mosquito species become dark black shortly after oviposition and exhibit high desiccation resistance. Some of the Yellow proteins that act as d...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2021
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8716798/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34977021 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2021.769788 |
_version_ | 1784624393887940608 |
---|---|
author | Noh, Mi Young Mun, Seulgi Kramer, Karl J. Muthukrishnan, Subbaratnam Arakane, Yasuyuki |
author_facet | Noh, Mi Young Mun, Seulgi Kramer, Karl J. Muthukrishnan, Subbaratnam Arakane, Yasuyuki |
author_sort | Noh, Mi Young |
collection | PubMed |
description | The Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus, is one of the most serious public health pests, which can transmit various vector-borne diseases. Eggs from this mosquito species become dark black shortly after oviposition and exhibit high desiccation resistance. Some of the Yellow proteins that act as dopachrome conversion enzymes (DCEs) are involved in the tyrosine-mediated tanning (pigmentation and sclerotization) metabolic pathway that significantly accelerates melanization reactions in insects. In this research, we analyzed the function of one of the yellow genes, yellow-y (AalY-y), in eggshell/chorion melanization of Ae. albopictus eggs. Developmental and tissue-specific expression measured by real-time PCR showed that AalY-y transcripts were detected at all stages of development analyzed, with significantly higher levels in the ovaries from blood-fed adult females. Injection of double-stranded RNA for AalY-y (dsAalY-y) had no significant effect on fecundity. However, unlike dsEGFP-treated control eggs that become black by 2–3 h after oviposition (HAO), dsAalY-y eggs were yellow-brown at 2 HAO, and reddish-brown even at 48 HAO. dsEGFP eggs exhibited resistance to desiccation at 48 HAO, whereas approximately 50% of the dsAalY-y eggs collapsed when they were moved to a low humidity condition. In addition, TEM analysis revealed an abnormal morphology and ultrastructure of the outer-endochorion in the dsAalY-y eggs. These results support the hypothesis that AalY-y is involved in the tyrosine-induced melanin biosynthetic pathway, plays an important role in black melanization of the chorion and functions in conferring proper morphology of the outer-endochorion, a structure that is presumably required for egg desiccation resistance in Ae. albopictus. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8716798 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-87167982021-12-31 Yellow-y Functions in Egg Melanization and Chorion Morphology of the Asian Tiger Mosquito, Aedes albopictus Noh, Mi Young Mun, Seulgi Kramer, Karl J. Muthukrishnan, Subbaratnam Arakane, Yasuyuki Front Cell Dev Biol Cell and Developmental Biology The Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus, is one of the most serious public health pests, which can transmit various vector-borne diseases. Eggs from this mosquito species become dark black shortly after oviposition and exhibit high desiccation resistance. Some of the Yellow proteins that act as dopachrome conversion enzymes (DCEs) are involved in the tyrosine-mediated tanning (pigmentation and sclerotization) metabolic pathway that significantly accelerates melanization reactions in insects. In this research, we analyzed the function of one of the yellow genes, yellow-y (AalY-y), in eggshell/chorion melanization of Ae. albopictus eggs. Developmental and tissue-specific expression measured by real-time PCR showed that AalY-y transcripts were detected at all stages of development analyzed, with significantly higher levels in the ovaries from blood-fed adult females. Injection of double-stranded RNA for AalY-y (dsAalY-y) had no significant effect on fecundity. However, unlike dsEGFP-treated control eggs that become black by 2–3 h after oviposition (HAO), dsAalY-y eggs were yellow-brown at 2 HAO, and reddish-brown even at 48 HAO. dsEGFP eggs exhibited resistance to desiccation at 48 HAO, whereas approximately 50% of the dsAalY-y eggs collapsed when they were moved to a low humidity condition. In addition, TEM analysis revealed an abnormal morphology and ultrastructure of the outer-endochorion in the dsAalY-y eggs. These results support the hypothesis that AalY-y is involved in the tyrosine-induced melanin biosynthetic pathway, plays an important role in black melanization of the chorion and functions in conferring proper morphology of the outer-endochorion, a structure that is presumably required for egg desiccation resistance in Ae. albopictus. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-12-16 /pmc/articles/PMC8716798/ /pubmed/34977021 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2021.769788 Text en Copyright © 2021 Noh, Mun, Kramer, Muthukrishnan and Arakane. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Cell and Developmental Biology Noh, Mi Young Mun, Seulgi Kramer, Karl J. Muthukrishnan, Subbaratnam Arakane, Yasuyuki Yellow-y Functions in Egg Melanization and Chorion Morphology of the Asian Tiger Mosquito, Aedes albopictus |
title | Yellow-y Functions in Egg Melanization and Chorion Morphology of the Asian Tiger Mosquito, Aedes albopictus
|
title_full | Yellow-y Functions in Egg Melanization and Chorion Morphology of the Asian Tiger Mosquito, Aedes albopictus
|
title_fullStr | Yellow-y Functions in Egg Melanization and Chorion Morphology of the Asian Tiger Mosquito, Aedes albopictus
|
title_full_unstemmed | Yellow-y Functions in Egg Melanization and Chorion Morphology of the Asian Tiger Mosquito, Aedes albopictus
|
title_short | Yellow-y Functions in Egg Melanization and Chorion Morphology of the Asian Tiger Mosquito, Aedes albopictus
|
title_sort | yellow-y functions in egg melanization and chorion morphology of the asian tiger mosquito, aedes albopictus |
topic | Cell and Developmental Biology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8716798/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34977021 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2021.769788 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT nohmiyoung yellowyfunctionsineggmelanizationandchorionmorphologyoftheasiantigermosquitoaedesalbopictus AT munseulgi yellowyfunctionsineggmelanizationandchorionmorphologyoftheasiantigermosquitoaedesalbopictus AT kramerkarlj yellowyfunctionsineggmelanizationandchorionmorphologyoftheasiantigermosquitoaedesalbopictus AT muthukrishnansubbaratnam yellowyfunctionsineggmelanizationandchorionmorphologyoftheasiantigermosquitoaedesalbopictus AT arakaneyasuyuki yellowyfunctionsineggmelanizationandchorionmorphologyoftheasiantigermosquitoaedesalbopictus |