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Expression, Localization, and Protein Interactions of the Partitioning Proteins in the Gonococcal Type IV Secretion System
Partitioning proteins are well studied as molecular organizers of chromosome and plasmid segregation during division, however little is known about the roles partitioning proteins can play within type IV secretion systems. The single-stranded DNA (ssDNA)-secreting gonococcal T4SS has two partitionin...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8716806/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34975804 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.784483 |
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author | Callaghan, Melanie M. Koch, Birgit Hackett, Kathleen T. Klimowicz, Amy K. Schaub, Ryan E. Krasnogor, Natalio Dillard, Joseph P. |
author_facet | Callaghan, Melanie M. Koch, Birgit Hackett, Kathleen T. Klimowicz, Amy K. Schaub, Ryan E. Krasnogor, Natalio Dillard, Joseph P. |
author_sort | Callaghan, Melanie M. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Partitioning proteins are well studied as molecular organizers of chromosome and plasmid segregation during division, however little is known about the roles partitioning proteins can play within type IV secretion systems. The single-stranded DNA (ssDNA)-secreting gonococcal T4SS has two partitioning proteins, ParA and ParB. These proteins work in collaboration with the relaxase TraI as essential facilitators of type IV secretion. Bacterial two-hybrid experiments identified interactions between each partitioning protein and the relaxase. Subcellular fractionation demonstrated that ParA is found in the cellular membrane, whereas ParB is primarily in the membrane, but some of the protein is in the soluble fraction. Since TraI is known to be membrane-associated, these data suggest that the gonococcal relaxosome is a membrane-associated complex. In addition, we found that translation of ParA and ParB is controlled by an RNA switch. Different mutations within the stem-loop sequence predicted to alter folding of this RNA structure greatly increased or decreased levels of the partitioning proteins. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8716806 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-87168062021-12-31 Expression, Localization, and Protein Interactions of the Partitioning Proteins in the Gonococcal Type IV Secretion System Callaghan, Melanie M. Koch, Birgit Hackett, Kathleen T. Klimowicz, Amy K. Schaub, Ryan E. Krasnogor, Natalio Dillard, Joseph P. Front Microbiol Microbiology Partitioning proteins are well studied as molecular organizers of chromosome and plasmid segregation during division, however little is known about the roles partitioning proteins can play within type IV secretion systems. The single-stranded DNA (ssDNA)-secreting gonococcal T4SS has two partitioning proteins, ParA and ParB. These proteins work in collaboration with the relaxase TraI as essential facilitators of type IV secretion. Bacterial two-hybrid experiments identified interactions between each partitioning protein and the relaxase. Subcellular fractionation demonstrated that ParA is found in the cellular membrane, whereas ParB is primarily in the membrane, but some of the protein is in the soluble fraction. Since TraI is known to be membrane-associated, these data suggest that the gonococcal relaxosome is a membrane-associated complex. In addition, we found that translation of ParA and ParB is controlled by an RNA switch. Different mutations within the stem-loop sequence predicted to alter folding of this RNA structure greatly increased or decreased levels of the partitioning proteins. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-12-16 /pmc/articles/PMC8716806/ /pubmed/34975804 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.784483 Text en Copyright © 2021 Callaghan, Koch, Hackett, Klimowicz, Schaub, Krasnogor and Dillard. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Microbiology Callaghan, Melanie M. Koch, Birgit Hackett, Kathleen T. Klimowicz, Amy K. Schaub, Ryan E. Krasnogor, Natalio Dillard, Joseph P. Expression, Localization, and Protein Interactions of the Partitioning Proteins in the Gonococcal Type IV Secretion System |
title | Expression, Localization, and Protein Interactions of the Partitioning Proteins in the Gonococcal Type IV Secretion System |
title_full | Expression, Localization, and Protein Interactions of the Partitioning Proteins in the Gonococcal Type IV Secretion System |
title_fullStr | Expression, Localization, and Protein Interactions of the Partitioning Proteins in the Gonococcal Type IV Secretion System |
title_full_unstemmed | Expression, Localization, and Protein Interactions of the Partitioning Proteins in the Gonococcal Type IV Secretion System |
title_short | Expression, Localization, and Protein Interactions of the Partitioning Proteins in the Gonococcal Type IV Secretion System |
title_sort | expression, localization, and protein interactions of the partitioning proteins in the gonococcal type iv secretion system |
topic | Microbiology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8716806/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34975804 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.784483 |
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