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Study on the Combined Toxicities and Quantitative Characterization of Toxicity Sensitivities of Three Flavor Chemicals and Their Mixtures to Caenorhabditis elegans
[Image: see text] It was shown that flavor chemicals with high toxicity sensitivities mean that small changes in their effective concentrations can lead to significant changes in toxicity. Flavors are widely used in personal care products. However, our study demonstrated that some flavor chemicals a...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
American Chemical Society
2021
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8717562/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34984305 http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.1c05688 |
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author | Lu, Sheng Liu, Shu-Shen Huang, Peng Wang, Ze-Jun Wang, Yu |
author_facet | Lu, Sheng Liu, Shu-Shen Huang, Peng Wang, Ze-Jun Wang, Yu |
author_sort | Lu, Sheng |
collection | PubMed |
description | [Image: see text] It was shown that flavor chemicals with high toxicity sensitivities mean that small changes in their effective concentrations can lead to significant changes in toxicity. Flavors are widely used in personal care products. However, our study demonstrated that some flavor chemicals and their mixture rays have high toxicity sensitivities to Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans), which may have an impact on human health. In this paper, three flavor chemicals (benzyl alcohol, phenethyl alcohol, and cinnamaldehyde) were used as components of the mixture, and three binary mixture systems were constructed, respectively. Five mixture rays were designed for each mixture system by a direct equipartition ray design method. The lethal toxicities of the three flavor chemicals and mixture rays to C. elegans at three exposure volumes were determined. A new concept (inverse of the negative logarithmic concentration span (iSPAN)) was introduced to quantitatively evaluate the toxicity sensitivity of chemicals or mixture rays, and the combination index (CI) was employed to identify the toxicological interactions in the mixtures. It was shown that the three flavor chemicals as well as the binary mixture rays have a significant concentration–response relationship on the lethality of C. elegans. The iSPAN values of the three flavor chemicals and their mixture rays were larger than 3.000, showing very strong toxicity sensitivity to C. elegans. In mixture systems, the toxicity sensitivities of mixture rays with different mixture ratios were also different at different exposure volumes. In addition, it can be seen from the CI heat map that the toxicological interaction not only shows the mixture ratio dependence but also changes with the different exposure volumes, which implies that the mixtures consisting of flavor chemicals with high toxicity sensitivity have complex toxicological interactions. Therefore, in environmental risk assessment, special attention should be paid to chemicals with high toxicity sensitivities. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8717562 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | American Chemical Society |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-87175622022-01-03 Study on the Combined Toxicities and Quantitative Characterization of Toxicity Sensitivities of Three Flavor Chemicals and Their Mixtures to Caenorhabditis elegans Lu, Sheng Liu, Shu-Shen Huang, Peng Wang, Ze-Jun Wang, Yu ACS Omega [Image: see text] It was shown that flavor chemicals with high toxicity sensitivities mean that small changes in their effective concentrations can lead to significant changes in toxicity. Flavors are widely used in personal care products. However, our study demonstrated that some flavor chemicals and their mixture rays have high toxicity sensitivities to Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans), which may have an impact on human health. In this paper, three flavor chemicals (benzyl alcohol, phenethyl alcohol, and cinnamaldehyde) were used as components of the mixture, and three binary mixture systems were constructed, respectively. Five mixture rays were designed for each mixture system by a direct equipartition ray design method. The lethal toxicities of the three flavor chemicals and mixture rays to C. elegans at three exposure volumes were determined. A new concept (inverse of the negative logarithmic concentration span (iSPAN)) was introduced to quantitatively evaluate the toxicity sensitivity of chemicals or mixture rays, and the combination index (CI) was employed to identify the toxicological interactions in the mixtures. It was shown that the three flavor chemicals as well as the binary mixture rays have a significant concentration–response relationship on the lethality of C. elegans. The iSPAN values of the three flavor chemicals and their mixture rays were larger than 3.000, showing very strong toxicity sensitivity to C. elegans. In mixture systems, the toxicity sensitivities of mixture rays with different mixture ratios were also different at different exposure volumes. In addition, it can be seen from the CI heat map that the toxicological interaction not only shows the mixture ratio dependence but also changes with the different exposure volumes, which implies that the mixtures consisting of flavor chemicals with high toxicity sensitivity have complex toxicological interactions. Therefore, in environmental risk assessment, special attention should be paid to chemicals with high toxicity sensitivities. American Chemical Society 2021-12-13 /pmc/articles/PMC8717562/ /pubmed/34984305 http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.1c05688 Text en © 2021 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Permits non-commercial access and re-use, provided that author attribution and integrity are maintained; but does not permit creation of adaptations or other derivative works (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Lu, Sheng Liu, Shu-Shen Huang, Peng Wang, Ze-Jun Wang, Yu Study on the Combined Toxicities and Quantitative Characterization of Toxicity Sensitivities of Three Flavor Chemicals and Their Mixtures to Caenorhabditis elegans |
title | Study on the Combined Toxicities and Quantitative
Characterization of Toxicity Sensitivities of Three Flavor Chemicals
and Their Mixtures to Caenorhabditis elegans |
title_full | Study on the Combined Toxicities and Quantitative
Characterization of Toxicity Sensitivities of Three Flavor Chemicals
and Their Mixtures to Caenorhabditis elegans |
title_fullStr | Study on the Combined Toxicities and Quantitative
Characterization of Toxicity Sensitivities of Three Flavor Chemicals
and Their Mixtures to Caenorhabditis elegans |
title_full_unstemmed | Study on the Combined Toxicities and Quantitative
Characterization of Toxicity Sensitivities of Three Flavor Chemicals
and Their Mixtures to Caenorhabditis elegans |
title_short | Study on the Combined Toxicities and Quantitative
Characterization of Toxicity Sensitivities of Three Flavor Chemicals
and Their Mixtures to Caenorhabditis elegans |
title_sort | study on the combined toxicities and quantitative
characterization of toxicity sensitivities of three flavor chemicals
and their mixtures to caenorhabditis elegans |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8717562/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34984305 http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.1c05688 |
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