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Critical Roles of Spätzle5 in Antimicrobial Peptide Production Against Escherichia coli in Tenebrio molitor Malpighian Tubules

The dimeric cytokine ligand Spätzle (Spz) is responsible for Toll pathway activation and antimicrobial peptide (AMP) production upon pathogen challenge in Tenebrio molitor. Here, we indicated that TmSpz5 has a functional role in response to bacterial infections. We showed that the highest expression...

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Autores principales: Ali Mohammadie Kojour, Maryam, Edosa, Tariku Tesfaye, Jang, Ho Am, Keshavarz, Maryam, Jo, Yong Hun, Han, Yeon Soo
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8717915/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34975850
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.760475
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author Ali Mohammadie Kojour, Maryam
Edosa, Tariku Tesfaye
Jang, Ho Am
Keshavarz, Maryam
Jo, Yong Hun
Han, Yeon Soo
author_facet Ali Mohammadie Kojour, Maryam
Edosa, Tariku Tesfaye
Jang, Ho Am
Keshavarz, Maryam
Jo, Yong Hun
Han, Yeon Soo
author_sort Ali Mohammadie Kojour, Maryam
collection PubMed
description The dimeric cytokine ligand Spätzle (Spz) is responsible for Toll pathway activation and antimicrobial peptide (AMP) production upon pathogen challenge in Tenebrio molitor. Here, we indicated that TmSpz5 has a functional role in response to bacterial infections. We showed that the highest expression of TmSpz5 is induced by Candida albicans. However, TmSpz5 knockdown reduced larval survival against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. To evaluate the molecular mechanism underlying the observed survival differences, the role of TmSpz5 in AMP production was examined by RNA interference and microbial injection. T. molitor AMPs that are active against Gram-negative and -positive bacteria, including Tmtenecins, Tmattacins, Tmcoleoptericins, Tmtaumatin-like-proteins, and Tmcecropin-2, were significantly downregulated by TmSpz-5 RNAi in the Malpighian tubules (MTs) following a challenge with E. coli and S. aureus. However, upon infection with C. albicans the mRNA levels of most AMPs in the dsTmSpz5-injected group were similar to those in the control groups. Likewise, the expression of the transcription factors NF-κB, TmDorX2, and TmRelish were noticeably suppressed in the MTs of TmSpz5-silenced larvae. Moreover, E. coli-infected TmSpz5 knockdown larvae showed decreased antimicrobial activity in the MTs and hindgut compared with the control group. These results demonstrate that TmSpz5 has a defined role in T. molitor innate immunity by regulating AMP expression in MTs in response to E. coli.
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spelling pubmed-87179152021-12-31 Critical Roles of Spätzle5 in Antimicrobial Peptide Production Against Escherichia coli in Tenebrio molitor Malpighian Tubules Ali Mohammadie Kojour, Maryam Edosa, Tariku Tesfaye Jang, Ho Am Keshavarz, Maryam Jo, Yong Hun Han, Yeon Soo Front Immunol Immunology The dimeric cytokine ligand Spätzle (Spz) is responsible for Toll pathway activation and antimicrobial peptide (AMP) production upon pathogen challenge in Tenebrio molitor. Here, we indicated that TmSpz5 has a functional role in response to bacterial infections. We showed that the highest expression of TmSpz5 is induced by Candida albicans. However, TmSpz5 knockdown reduced larval survival against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. To evaluate the molecular mechanism underlying the observed survival differences, the role of TmSpz5 in AMP production was examined by RNA interference and microbial injection. T. molitor AMPs that are active against Gram-negative and -positive bacteria, including Tmtenecins, Tmattacins, Tmcoleoptericins, Tmtaumatin-like-proteins, and Tmcecropin-2, were significantly downregulated by TmSpz-5 RNAi in the Malpighian tubules (MTs) following a challenge with E. coli and S. aureus. However, upon infection with C. albicans the mRNA levels of most AMPs in the dsTmSpz5-injected group were similar to those in the control groups. Likewise, the expression of the transcription factors NF-κB, TmDorX2, and TmRelish were noticeably suppressed in the MTs of TmSpz5-silenced larvae. Moreover, E. coli-infected TmSpz5 knockdown larvae showed decreased antimicrobial activity in the MTs and hindgut compared with the control group. These results demonstrate that TmSpz5 has a defined role in T. molitor innate immunity by regulating AMP expression in MTs in response to E. coli. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-12-16 /pmc/articles/PMC8717915/ /pubmed/34975850 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.760475 Text en Copyright © 2021 Ali Mohammadie Kojour, Edosa, Jang, Keshavarz, Jo and Han https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Immunology
Ali Mohammadie Kojour, Maryam
Edosa, Tariku Tesfaye
Jang, Ho Am
Keshavarz, Maryam
Jo, Yong Hun
Han, Yeon Soo
Critical Roles of Spätzle5 in Antimicrobial Peptide Production Against Escherichia coli in Tenebrio molitor Malpighian Tubules
title Critical Roles of Spätzle5 in Antimicrobial Peptide Production Against Escherichia coli in Tenebrio molitor Malpighian Tubules
title_full Critical Roles of Spätzle5 in Antimicrobial Peptide Production Against Escherichia coli in Tenebrio molitor Malpighian Tubules
title_fullStr Critical Roles of Spätzle5 in Antimicrobial Peptide Production Against Escherichia coli in Tenebrio molitor Malpighian Tubules
title_full_unstemmed Critical Roles of Spätzle5 in Antimicrobial Peptide Production Against Escherichia coli in Tenebrio molitor Malpighian Tubules
title_short Critical Roles of Spätzle5 in Antimicrobial Peptide Production Against Escherichia coli in Tenebrio molitor Malpighian Tubules
title_sort critical roles of spätzle5 in antimicrobial peptide production against escherichia coli in tenebrio molitor malpighian tubules
topic Immunology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8717915/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34975850
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.760475
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