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Critical Roles of Spätzle5 in Antimicrobial Peptide Production Against Escherichia coli in Tenebrio molitor Malpighian Tubules
The dimeric cytokine ligand Spätzle (Spz) is responsible for Toll pathway activation and antimicrobial peptide (AMP) production upon pathogen challenge in Tenebrio molitor. Here, we indicated that TmSpz5 has a functional role in response to bacterial infections. We showed that the highest expression...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8717915/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34975850 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.760475 |
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author | Ali Mohammadie Kojour, Maryam Edosa, Tariku Tesfaye Jang, Ho Am Keshavarz, Maryam Jo, Yong Hun Han, Yeon Soo |
author_facet | Ali Mohammadie Kojour, Maryam Edosa, Tariku Tesfaye Jang, Ho Am Keshavarz, Maryam Jo, Yong Hun Han, Yeon Soo |
author_sort | Ali Mohammadie Kojour, Maryam |
collection | PubMed |
description | The dimeric cytokine ligand Spätzle (Spz) is responsible for Toll pathway activation and antimicrobial peptide (AMP) production upon pathogen challenge in Tenebrio molitor. Here, we indicated that TmSpz5 has a functional role in response to bacterial infections. We showed that the highest expression of TmSpz5 is induced by Candida albicans. However, TmSpz5 knockdown reduced larval survival against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. To evaluate the molecular mechanism underlying the observed survival differences, the role of TmSpz5 in AMP production was examined by RNA interference and microbial injection. T. molitor AMPs that are active against Gram-negative and -positive bacteria, including Tmtenecins, Tmattacins, Tmcoleoptericins, Tmtaumatin-like-proteins, and Tmcecropin-2, were significantly downregulated by TmSpz-5 RNAi in the Malpighian tubules (MTs) following a challenge with E. coli and S. aureus. However, upon infection with C. albicans the mRNA levels of most AMPs in the dsTmSpz5-injected group were similar to those in the control groups. Likewise, the expression of the transcription factors NF-κB, TmDorX2, and TmRelish were noticeably suppressed in the MTs of TmSpz5-silenced larvae. Moreover, E. coli-infected TmSpz5 knockdown larvae showed decreased antimicrobial activity in the MTs and hindgut compared with the control group. These results demonstrate that TmSpz5 has a defined role in T. molitor innate immunity by regulating AMP expression in MTs in response to E. coli. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8717915 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-87179152021-12-31 Critical Roles of Spätzle5 in Antimicrobial Peptide Production Against Escherichia coli in Tenebrio molitor Malpighian Tubules Ali Mohammadie Kojour, Maryam Edosa, Tariku Tesfaye Jang, Ho Am Keshavarz, Maryam Jo, Yong Hun Han, Yeon Soo Front Immunol Immunology The dimeric cytokine ligand Spätzle (Spz) is responsible for Toll pathway activation and antimicrobial peptide (AMP) production upon pathogen challenge in Tenebrio molitor. Here, we indicated that TmSpz5 has a functional role in response to bacterial infections. We showed that the highest expression of TmSpz5 is induced by Candida albicans. However, TmSpz5 knockdown reduced larval survival against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. To evaluate the molecular mechanism underlying the observed survival differences, the role of TmSpz5 in AMP production was examined by RNA interference and microbial injection. T. molitor AMPs that are active against Gram-negative and -positive bacteria, including Tmtenecins, Tmattacins, Tmcoleoptericins, Tmtaumatin-like-proteins, and Tmcecropin-2, were significantly downregulated by TmSpz-5 RNAi in the Malpighian tubules (MTs) following a challenge with E. coli and S. aureus. However, upon infection with C. albicans the mRNA levels of most AMPs in the dsTmSpz5-injected group were similar to those in the control groups. Likewise, the expression of the transcription factors NF-κB, TmDorX2, and TmRelish were noticeably suppressed in the MTs of TmSpz5-silenced larvae. Moreover, E. coli-infected TmSpz5 knockdown larvae showed decreased antimicrobial activity in the MTs and hindgut compared with the control group. These results demonstrate that TmSpz5 has a defined role in T. molitor innate immunity by regulating AMP expression in MTs in response to E. coli. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-12-16 /pmc/articles/PMC8717915/ /pubmed/34975850 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.760475 Text en Copyright © 2021 Ali Mohammadie Kojour, Edosa, Jang, Keshavarz, Jo and Han https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Immunology Ali Mohammadie Kojour, Maryam Edosa, Tariku Tesfaye Jang, Ho Am Keshavarz, Maryam Jo, Yong Hun Han, Yeon Soo Critical Roles of Spätzle5 in Antimicrobial Peptide Production Against Escherichia coli in Tenebrio molitor Malpighian Tubules |
title | Critical Roles of Spätzle5 in Antimicrobial Peptide Production Against Escherichia coli in Tenebrio molitor Malpighian Tubules |
title_full | Critical Roles of Spätzle5 in Antimicrobial Peptide Production Against Escherichia coli in Tenebrio molitor Malpighian Tubules |
title_fullStr | Critical Roles of Spätzle5 in Antimicrobial Peptide Production Against Escherichia coli in Tenebrio molitor Malpighian Tubules |
title_full_unstemmed | Critical Roles of Spätzle5 in Antimicrobial Peptide Production Against Escherichia coli in Tenebrio molitor Malpighian Tubules |
title_short | Critical Roles of Spätzle5 in Antimicrobial Peptide Production Against Escherichia coli in Tenebrio molitor Malpighian Tubules |
title_sort | critical roles of spätzle5 in antimicrobial peptide production against escherichia coli in tenebrio molitor malpighian tubules |
topic | Immunology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8717915/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34975850 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.760475 |
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