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Breath Metabolites to Diagnose Infection
BACKGROUND: Starkly highlighted by the current COVID-19 pandemic, infectious diseases continue to have an outsized impact on human health worldwide. Diagnostic testing for infection can be challenging due to resource limitations, time constraints, or shortcomings in the accuracy of existing diagnost...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Oxford University Press
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8718131/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34969107 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/hvab218 |
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author | Berna, Amalia Z Odom John, Audrey R |
author_facet | Berna, Amalia Z Odom John, Audrey R |
author_sort | Berna, Amalia Z |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Starkly highlighted by the current COVID-19 pandemic, infectious diseases continue to have an outsized impact on human health worldwide. Diagnostic testing for infection can be challenging due to resource limitations, time constraints, or shortcomings in the accuracy of existing diagnostics. Rapid, simple diagnostics are highly desirable. There is increasing interest in the development of diagnostics that use exhaled breath analysis as a convenient and safe diagnostic method, as breath sampling is noninvasive, secure, and easy to perform. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) present in exhaled breath reflect the fingerprint of the underlying metabolic and biophysical processes during disease. CONTENT: In this review, we overview the major biomarkers present in exhaled breath in infectious diseases. We outline the promising recent advances in breath-based diagnosis of respiratory infections, including those caused by influenza virus, SARS-CoV-2, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Aspergillus fumigatus. In addition, we review the current landscape of diagnosis of 2 other globally important infections: Helicobacter pylori gastrointestinal infection and malaria. SUMMARY: Characteristic and reproducible breath VOCs are associated with several infectious diseases, suggesting breath analysis as a promising strategy for diagnostic development. Ongoing challenges include poor standardization of breath collection and analysis and lack of validation studies. Further research is required to expand the applicability of breath analysis to clinical settings. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8718131 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Oxford University Press |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-87181312022-08-17 Breath Metabolites to Diagnose Infection Berna, Amalia Z Odom John, Audrey R Clin Chem Mini-Reviews BACKGROUND: Starkly highlighted by the current COVID-19 pandemic, infectious diseases continue to have an outsized impact on human health worldwide. Diagnostic testing for infection can be challenging due to resource limitations, time constraints, or shortcomings in the accuracy of existing diagnostics. Rapid, simple diagnostics are highly desirable. There is increasing interest in the development of diagnostics that use exhaled breath analysis as a convenient and safe diagnostic method, as breath sampling is noninvasive, secure, and easy to perform. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) present in exhaled breath reflect the fingerprint of the underlying metabolic and biophysical processes during disease. CONTENT: In this review, we overview the major biomarkers present in exhaled breath in infectious diseases. We outline the promising recent advances in breath-based diagnosis of respiratory infections, including those caused by influenza virus, SARS-CoV-2, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Aspergillus fumigatus. In addition, we review the current landscape of diagnosis of 2 other globally important infections: Helicobacter pylori gastrointestinal infection and malaria. SUMMARY: Characteristic and reproducible breath VOCs are associated with several infectious diseases, suggesting breath analysis as a promising strategy for diagnostic development. Ongoing challenges include poor standardization of breath collection and analysis and lack of validation studies. Further research is required to expand the applicability of breath analysis to clinical settings. Oxford University Press 2021-12-30 /pmc/articles/PMC8718131/ /pubmed/34969107 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/hvab218 Text en © American Association for Clinical Chemistry 2021. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com. https://academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_modelThis article is published and distributed under the terms of the Oxford University Press, Standard Journals Publication Model (https://academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model) This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the COVID-19 pandemic or until permissions are revoked in writing. Upon expiration of these permissions, PMC is granted a perpetual license to make this article available via PMC and Europe PMC, consistent with existing copyright protections. |
spellingShingle | Mini-Reviews Berna, Amalia Z Odom John, Audrey R Breath Metabolites to Diagnose Infection |
title | Breath Metabolites to Diagnose Infection |
title_full | Breath Metabolites to Diagnose Infection |
title_fullStr | Breath Metabolites to Diagnose Infection |
title_full_unstemmed | Breath Metabolites to Diagnose Infection |
title_short | Breath Metabolites to Diagnose Infection |
title_sort | breath metabolites to diagnose infection |
topic | Mini-Reviews |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8718131/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34969107 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/hvab218 |
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