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Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Neurotoxicity
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have recently been used as a promising treatment for cancer, while their toxicity and immune-related side effects can be seen in any organ, including the nervous system. In contrast to other immune-related adverse events (irAEs), neurological irAEs (nAEs) are rare...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Bentham Science Publishers
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8719293/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33380303 http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570159X19666201230151224 |
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author | Zhao, Zhiyi Zhang, Chunlin Zhou, Lian Dong, Pan Shi, Lei |
author_facet | Zhao, Zhiyi Zhang, Chunlin Zhou, Lian Dong, Pan Shi, Lei |
author_sort | Zhao, Zhiyi |
collection | PubMed |
description | Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have recently been used as a promising treatment for cancer, while their toxicity and immune-related side effects can be seen in any organ, including the nervous system. In contrast to other immune-related adverse events (irAEs), neurological irAEs (nAEs) are rare, with varying incidence and symptom complexity. Although nAEs are uncommon, they can sometimes be severe and even lead to death. However, little attention has been paid to nAEs, and the literature is mostly clinical reports with only a few cases. We, therefore, conducted the present review with the aim of providing a comprehensive introduction of nAEs. In this review, we summarized various nAEs, including meningitis, encephalitis, and hypophysitis in the central nervous system, and myositis, myasthenia gravis, and peripheral neuropathies in the peripheral system. We also reviewed the current diagnosis and treatment methods for nAEs commonly used in clinical practice. In addition, we discussed potential mechanisms regarding nAEs and proposed the possible approaches to prevent the risk of nAEs in patients treated with ICIs. There is still a lot to learn, such as whether and why patients with nAEs respond better to ICI-therapy. The mechanisms and significance of nAEs need to be fully clarified to address these issues and optimize the treatment strategy. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8719293 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Bentham Science Publishers |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-87192932022-02-11 Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Neurotoxicity Zhao, Zhiyi Zhang, Chunlin Zhou, Lian Dong, Pan Shi, Lei Curr Neuropharmacol Article Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have recently been used as a promising treatment for cancer, while their toxicity and immune-related side effects can be seen in any organ, including the nervous system. In contrast to other immune-related adverse events (irAEs), neurological irAEs (nAEs) are rare, with varying incidence and symptom complexity. Although nAEs are uncommon, they can sometimes be severe and even lead to death. However, little attention has been paid to nAEs, and the literature is mostly clinical reports with only a few cases. We, therefore, conducted the present review with the aim of providing a comprehensive introduction of nAEs. In this review, we summarized various nAEs, including meningitis, encephalitis, and hypophysitis in the central nervous system, and myositis, myasthenia gravis, and peripheral neuropathies in the peripheral system. We also reviewed the current diagnosis and treatment methods for nAEs commonly used in clinical practice. In addition, we discussed potential mechanisms regarding nAEs and proposed the possible approaches to prevent the risk of nAEs in patients treated with ICIs. There is still a lot to learn, such as whether and why patients with nAEs respond better to ICI-therapy. The mechanisms and significance of nAEs need to be fully clarified to address these issues and optimize the treatment strategy. Bentham Science Publishers 2021-08-11 2021-08-11 /pmc/articles/PMC8719293/ /pubmed/33380303 http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570159X19666201230151224 Text en © 2021 Bentham Science Publishers https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial 4.0 International Public License (CC BY-NC 4.0) (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/legalcode), which permits unrestricted, non-commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Article Zhao, Zhiyi Zhang, Chunlin Zhou, Lian Dong, Pan Shi, Lei Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Neurotoxicity |
title | Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Neurotoxicity |
title_full | Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Neurotoxicity |
title_fullStr | Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Neurotoxicity |
title_full_unstemmed | Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Neurotoxicity |
title_short | Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Neurotoxicity |
title_sort | immune checkpoint inhibitors and neurotoxicity |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8719293/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33380303 http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570159X19666201230151224 |
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