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Mitigating Covid-19 in the face of emerging virus variants, breakthrough infections and vaccine hesitancy

The emergence and rapid global spread of the new Delta and, more recently, Omicron variants of SARS-CoV-2 pose a daunting public health emergency. Being an RNA virus, the Covid-19 virus is continuing to mutate, resulting in the emergence of new variants with high transmissibility, such as the recent...

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Autores principales: Haque, Azizul, Pant, Anudeep B.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Elsevier Ltd. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8719928/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34995958
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaut.2021.102792
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author Haque, Azizul
Pant, Anudeep B.
author_facet Haque, Azizul
Pant, Anudeep B.
author_sort Haque, Azizul
collection PubMed
description The emergence and rapid global spread of the new Delta and, more recently, Omicron variants of SARS-CoV-2 pose a daunting public health emergency. Being an RNA virus, the Covid-19 virus is continuing to mutate, resulting in the emergence of new variants with high transmissibility, such as the recently discovered Omicron variant. In this paper, we consider the conditions that may facilitate viral mutations and the emergence of variants with the ability to evade immunity. Here, we have discussed the importance of vaccination with the currently available vaccines. These vaccines are highly effective at preventing serious disease, hospitalization, and death from Covid-19. However, the antibody response induced by these vaccines is short-lasting and there are reports of breakthrough infections. A stable and persistent interaction between T follicular helper cells and germinal center B cells is needed for robust B cell memory response. We discussed the potential reasons behind the breakthrough infections and underscored the importance of developing better second-generation vaccines that may not necessitate frequent booster immunizations and are preventive in nature. This may involve the development of multivalent vaccines and creating vaccines against other viral proteins including conserved proteins. Vaccine hesitancy remains a notable hurdle for implementing vaccination. Furthermore, we recommend different approaches to increase vaccine acceptance, which is a critical translational component of a successful vaccine strategy. These perspectives on overcoming the pandemic's current challenges provide strategies to contain SARS-CoV-2 globally.
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spelling pubmed-87199282022-01-03 Mitigating Covid-19 in the face of emerging virus variants, breakthrough infections and vaccine hesitancy Haque, Azizul Pant, Anudeep B. J Autoimmun Article The emergence and rapid global spread of the new Delta and, more recently, Omicron variants of SARS-CoV-2 pose a daunting public health emergency. Being an RNA virus, the Covid-19 virus is continuing to mutate, resulting in the emergence of new variants with high transmissibility, such as the recently discovered Omicron variant. In this paper, we consider the conditions that may facilitate viral mutations and the emergence of variants with the ability to evade immunity. Here, we have discussed the importance of vaccination with the currently available vaccines. These vaccines are highly effective at preventing serious disease, hospitalization, and death from Covid-19. However, the antibody response induced by these vaccines is short-lasting and there are reports of breakthrough infections. A stable and persistent interaction between T follicular helper cells and germinal center B cells is needed for robust B cell memory response. We discussed the potential reasons behind the breakthrough infections and underscored the importance of developing better second-generation vaccines that may not necessitate frequent booster immunizations and are preventive in nature. This may involve the development of multivalent vaccines and creating vaccines against other viral proteins including conserved proteins. Vaccine hesitancy remains a notable hurdle for implementing vaccination. Furthermore, we recommend different approaches to increase vaccine acceptance, which is a critical translational component of a successful vaccine strategy. These perspectives on overcoming the pandemic's current challenges provide strategies to contain SARS-CoV-2 globally. Elsevier Ltd. 2022-02 2022-01-01 /pmc/articles/PMC8719928/ /pubmed/34995958 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaut.2021.102792 Text en © 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.
spellingShingle Article
Haque, Azizul
Pant, Anudeep B.
Mitigating Covid-19 in the face of emerging virus variants, breakthrough infections and vaccine hesitancy
title Mitigating Covid-19 in the face of emerging virus variants, breakthrough infections and vaccine hesitancy
title_full Mitigating Covid-19 in the face of emerging virus variants, breakthrough infections and vaccine hesitancy
title_fullStr Mitigating Covid-19 in the face of emerging virus variants, breakthrough infections and vaccine hesitancy
title_full_unstemmed Mitigating Covid-19 in the face of emerging virus variants, breakthrough infections and vaccine hesitancy
title_short Mitigating Covid-19 in the face of emerging virus variants, breakthrough infections and vaccine hesitancy
title_sort mitigating covid-19 in the face of emerging virus variants, breakthrough infections and vaccine hesitancy
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8719928/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34995958
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaut.2021.102792
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