Preparation of TiO(2) Nanotube Array on the Pure Titanium Surface by Anodization Method and Its Hydrophilicity

In this work, a highly ordered TiO(2) nanotube array on pure titanium (Ti) was prepared by anodization. The effects of the applied voltage and anodization time on the microstructure of the TiO(2) nanotube arrays were investigated, and their hydrophilicity was evaluated by the water contact angle measurement. It was found that a highly ordered array of TiO(2) nanotubes can be formed on the surface of pure Ti by anodized under the applied voltage of 20 V and the anodization time in the range of 6-12 h, and the nanotube diameter and length can be regulated by anodization time. The as-prepared TiO(2) nanotubes were in an amorphous structure. After annealing at 550°C for 3 h, the amorphous TiO(2) can be transformed to the anatase TiO(2) through crystallization. The anatase TiO(2) array exhibited a greatly improved hydrophilicity, depending on the order degree of the array and the diameter of the nanotubes. The sample anodized at 20 V for 12 h and then annealed at 550°C for 3 h exhibited a superhydrophilicity due to its highly ordered anatase TiO(2) nanotube array with a tube diameter of 103.5 nm.